Changes

: 4.  All mutations are harmful.

: 4.  All mutations are harmful.

::'''Counter''' This is not true. It is estimated 1/3 of point mutations (mutations affecting one link in the DNA and no others) are not harmful. Also see Counter argument to #5. [[User:PhyllisS|PhyllisS]]

::'''Counter''' This is a false argument. Firstly, it is estimated 1/3 of point mutations (mutations affecting one link in the DNA and no others) are not harmful. Secondly, though the number is small, there are documented cases of mutations being beneficial - an example is sickle cell anemia. This mutation is a flaw in the hemoglobin gene of humans, causing these molecules to covalently bond into long, bristly fibers inside the red blood cell that distort them into a sickle cell shape. This mutation makes sickle cell individuals immune to malaria, and many of the people residing in countries where this disease is prevalent have this mutation. The people affected by this mutation have lived and multiplied, thereby disproving this myth. Also see Counter argument to #5. [[User:PhyllisS|PhyllisS]]

: 5.  Species have being going extinct rather than being generated.

: 5.  Species have being going extinct rather than being generated.

::'''Counter''' This is also not true. For example, through a specific type of sympatric speciation, new species of plants are able to form and have formed in abundance. It occurs from meiosis not occuring properly in the production of gametes. These "mutant" offspring are a new species and cannot produce offspring with the species they came from, yet CAN produce fertile offspring with other plants that were mutated the same way.[[User:PhyllisS|PhyllisS]]

::'''Counter''' This is not true. For example, through a specific type of sympatric speciation, new species of plants are able to form and have formed in abundance. It occurs from meiosis not occuring properly in the production of gametes. These "mutant" offspring are a new species and cannot produce offspring with the species they came from, yet can produce fertile offspring with other plants that were mutated the same way. [[User:PhyllisS|PhyllisS]]

: 6.  All unaided things become more disordered and scattered over time.   

: 6.  All unaided things become more disordered and scattered over time.