Changes

==History==

==History==

===Origins===

===Origins===

Plymouth Colony was founded by permanent settlers who later came to be known as the "Pilgrims". The core group &mdash; roughly 40% of the adults and 56% of the family groupings was a congregation of religious separatists led by pastor John Robinson, church elder William Brewster, and William Bradford (1590-1657).  While still in the town of Scrooby in Nottinghamshire, England, the congregation began to feel the pressures of religious persecution. In the [[Hampton Court Conference]], [[King James I]] declared [[Puritans]] and Protestant Separatists to be undesirables,  and in 1607, the Bishop of York raided the homes of and imprisoned several members of the congregation in a prison in [[Boston, Lincolnshire]].<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 7-13; Addison (1911), pp xiii-xiv</ref>  The congregation left England and settled the Netherlands, first in Amsterdam, and finally in [[Leiden]] in 1609. <ref>Addison (1911), pp 51</ref>

Plymouth Colony was founded by permanent settlers who later came to be known as the "Pilgrims". The core group &mdash; roughly 40% of the adults and 56% of the family groupings was a congregation of religious separatists led by pastor John Robinson, church elder William Brewster, and William Bradford (1590-1657).  While still in the town of Scrooby in Nottinghamshire, England, the congregation began to feel the pressures of religious persecution. In the Hampton Court Conference, [[King James I]] declared [[Puritans]] and Protestant Separatists to be undesirables,  and in 1607, the Bishop of York raided the homes of and imprisoned several members of the congregation in a prison in [[Boston, Lincolnshire]].<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 7-13; Addison (1911), pp xiii-xiv</ref>  The congregation left England and settled the Netherlands, first in Amsterdam, and finally in [[Leiden]] in 1609. <ref>Addison (1911), pp 51</ref>

In Leiden, the congregation found the freedom to worship as it chose, but Dutch society was unfamiliar to these immigrants.  Scrooby had been an agricultural village, whereas Leiden was a thriving industrial center.  More serious was their children began adopting Dutch customs and language.  Finally, the Pilgrims were not free from the persecutions of the English Crown; after William Brewster in 1618 published comments highly critical of the King of England and the Anglican Church, English authorities came to Leiden to arrest him.  Though Brewster escaped arrest, the events motivated the congregation to move even further from England.<ref name=Philbrick-pp16-18>Philbrick (2006), pp 16-18</ref>

In Leiden, the congregation found the freedom to worship as it chose, but Dutch society was unfamiliar to these immigrants.  Scrooby had been an agricultural village, whereas Leiden was a thriving industrial center.  More serious was their children began adopting Dutch customs and language.  Finally, the Pilgrims were not free from the persecutions of the English Crown; after William Brewster in 1618 published comments highly critical of the King of England and the Anglican Church, English authorities came to Leiden to arrest him.  Though Brewster escaped arrest, the events motivated the congregation to move even further from England.<ref name=Philbrick-pp16-18>Philbrick (2006), pp 16-18</ref>

===Mayflower voyage===

===Mayflower voyage===

[[Image:Pilgrim1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|"The Embarkation of the Pilgrims from Delfthaven in Holland" (1843) by Robert Walter Weir]] The ''Mayflower'' arrived in [[Southampton, England]] to rendezvous with the ''Speedwell'' and to pick up supplies and additional passengers.  Among the passengers to join the group in Southampton were several Pilgrims including William Brewster, who had been in hiding for the better part of a year, and a group of passengers known to the Pilgrims as "The Strangers".  This group was largely made up of passengers recruited by the Merchant Adventurers to provide governance for the colony as well as additional hands to work for the colony's ventures.  Among the Strangers were [[Miles Standish]] (1584-1656), who became the colony's military leader. Characterized in Longfellow's poem as a shy and diffident person and suitor, Standish in reality was a pugnacious, touchy, short-tempered, and aggressive professional soldier. <ref>David Standish, "Myles and Me," Smithsonian 2000 30(12): 126-128, 130-140. ISSN: 0037-7333  Fulltext: at Ebsco </ref> Also included were [[Christopher Martin]], who had been designated by the Merchant Adventurers to act as Governor for the duration of the trans-Atlantic trip, and [[Stephen Hopkins]], a veteran of a failed colonial venture to Bermuda.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 24-25</ref>  

The ''Mayflower'' arrived in [[Southampton, England]] to rendezvous with the ''Speedwell'' and to pick up supplies and additional passengers.  Among the passengers to join the group in Southampton were several Pilgrims including William Brewster, who had been in hiding for the better part of a year, and a group of passengers known to the Pilgrims as "The Strangers".  This group was largely made up of passengers recruited by the Merchant Adventurers to provide governance for the colony as well as additional hands to work for the colony's ventures.  Among the Strangers were [[Miles Standish]] (1584-1656), who became the colony's military leader. Characterized in Longfellow's poem as a shy and diffident person and suitor, Standish in reality was a pugnacious, touchy, short-tempered, and aggressive professional soldier. <ref>David Standish, "Myles and Me," Smithsonian 2000 30(12): 126-128, 130-140. ISSN: 0037-7333  Fulltext: at Ebsco </ref> Also included were [[Christopher Martin]], who had been designated by the Merchant Adventurers to act as Governor for the duration of the trans-Atlantic trip, and [[Stephen Hopkins]], a veteran of a failed colonial venture to Bermuda.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 24-25</ref>  

120 passengers, ninety on the ''Mayflower'' and thirty on the ''Speedwell'', finally departed on August 15.<ref>Addison (1911), pp 63</ref>  The ''Speedwell'' proved unseaworthy; some passengers went home; most crowded onto the "Mayflower." With 102 settlers, it left [[Plymouth]] on September 6, 1620.  The voyage took almost two months as it was drawn out by strong westerly winds and by the Gulf Stream.  Land was sighted on [[November 9]] off the coast of [[Cape Cod]] and with winter approaching and provisions running dangerously low, the passengers decided to return north and abandon their original plans to land sat the mouth of the Hudson River.<ref>Philbrick (2006), pp 35-36</ref>

120 passengers, ninety on the ''Mayflower'' and thirty on the ''Speedwell'', finally departed on August 15.<ref>Addison (1911), pp 63</ref>  The ''Speedwell'' proved unseaworthy; some passengers went home; most crowded onto the "Mayflower." With 102 settlers, it left [[Plymouth]] on September 6, 1620.  The voyage took almost two months as it was drawn out by strong westerly winds and by the Gulf Stream.  Land was sighted on [[November 9]] off the coast of [[Cape Cod]] and with winter approaching and provisions running dangerously low, the passengers decided to return north and abandon their original plans to land sat the mouth of the Hudson River.<ref>Philbrick (2006), pp 35-36</ref>

===Mayflower Compact===

===Mayflower Compact===

The “Mayflower Compact” was a written agreement signed on Nov. 11, 1620, by the male  settlers before coming ashore.<ref> see text at [http://www.pilgrimhall.org/compact.htm]</ref> It created a "civil Body Politick" whose purpose was to frame just and equal laws for the general good of the colony.  It bound the men to form a government and submit to the will of the majority in whatever laws were passed.  Its purpose, according to William Bradford, was to hold in check the strangers who said they did not have to obey anyone because there was no government here. That was because the  Pilgrims’ patent from the Virginia Company granted rights of local  self-government, but it did not apply to a settlement in New England. Some new compact was needed. The Mayflower Compact was thus an agreement to establish a local  government that, although having no official legal status until a patent could be obtained, would at least have the strength of common consent. Its  importance in American history comes from its premise that government rests on the consent of the governed, and that decisions should be made democratically rather than imposed by an authority figure. It was a [[social compact]] of the sort [[ John Locke]] imagined years later. [[John Quincy Adams]] hailed the Mayflower Compact as "perhaps the only instance, in human history, of that positive, original, social compact, which speculative philosophers have imagined as the only legitimate source of government."<ref> Michael P. Zuckert, ''The Natural Rights Republic: Studies in the Foundation of the American Political Tradition'' (1996) p 126</ref>

The “Mayflower Compact” was a written agreement signed on Nov. 11, 1620, by the male  settlers before coming ashore.<ref> see text at [http://www.pilgrimhall.org/compact.htm]</ref> It created a "civil Body Politick" whose purpose was to frame just and equal laws for the general good of the colony.  It bound the men to form a government and submit to the will of the majority in whatever laws were passed.  Its purpose, according to William Bradford, was to hold in check the strangers who said they did not have to obey anyone because there was no government here. That was because the  Pilgrims’ patent from the Virginia Company granted rights of local  self-government, but it did not apply to a settlement in New England. Some new compact was needed. The Mayflower Compact was thus an agreement to establish a local  government that, although having no official legal status until a patent could be obtained, would at least have the strength of common consent. Its  importance in American history comes from its premise that government rests on the consent of the governed, and that decisions should be made democratically rather than imposed by an authority figure. It was a [[social compact]] of the sort [[ John Locke]] imagined years later. [[John Quincy Adams]] hailed the Mayflower Compact as "perhaps the only instance, in human history, of that positive, original, social compact, which speculative philosophers have imagined as the only legitimate source of government."<ref> Michael P. Zuckert, ''The Natural Rights Republic: Studies in the Foundation of the American Political Tradition'' (1996) p 126</ref>

===Landings at Provincetown and Plymouth===

===Landings at Provincetown and Plymouth===

[[Image:Mayflowercompact.jpg|thumb|right|"Signing of the Mayflower Compact"(c.1900) by Edward Percy Moran]]The ''Mayflower'' anchored at [[Provincetown Harbor]] on [[November 11]], [[1620]].  The Pilgrims did not have a patent to settle this area, and thus some passengers began to question their right to land; they complained that there was no legal authority to establish a colony.  In response to this, a group of colonists, still aboard the ship as it lay off-shore, drafted and ratified the first governing document of the colony, the [[Mayflower Compact]], the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony.  Though it did little more than confirm that the colony would be governed like any English town, it did serve the purpose of relieving the concerns of many of the settlers.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 41</ref>

The ''Mayflower'' anchored at [[Provincetown Harbor]] on [[November 11]], [[1620]].  The Pilgrims did not have a patent to settle this area, and thus some passengers began to question their right to land; they complained that there was no legal authority to establish a colony.  In response to this, a group of colonists, still aboard the ship as it lay off-shore, drafted and ratified the first governing document of the colony, the [[Mayflower Compact]], the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony.  Though it did little more than confirm that the colony would be governed like any English town, it did serve the purpose of relieving the concerns of many of the settlers.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 41</ref>

The group remained onboard the ship through the next day, a Sunday, for prayer and worship.  The immigrants finally set foot on land at what would become [[Provincetown]] on November 13.  The first task was to rebuild a shallop, a shallow draft boat that had been built in England and disassembled for transport aboard the ''Mayflower''.  It remained with the Pilgrims while the ''Mayflower'' returned to England.  The ''Mayflower'' left Provincetown Harbor and set sail for [[Plymouth Harbor]].<ref>Philbrick (2006), pp 55-77</ref>

The group remained onboard the ship through the next day, a Sunday, for prayer and worship.  The immigrants finally set foot on land at what would become [[Provincetown]] on November 13.  The first task was to rebuild a shallop, a shallow draft boat that had been built in England and disassembled for transport aboard the ''Mayflower''.  It remained with the Pilgrims while the ''Mayflower'' returned to England.  The ''Mayflower'' left Provincetown Harbor and set sail for [[Plymouth Harbor]].<ref>Philbrick (2006), pp 55-77</ref>

The colonists dropped anchor in Plymouth Harbor on December 17 and spent three days surveying for a settlement site.  They rejected several sites in favor of the site of an abandoned Native-American settlement named Patuxet. The location was chosen largely for its defensive position; the settlement would be centered on two hills: Cole's Hill, where the village would be built, and Fort Hill, where a defensive cannon would be stationed.  Also important in choosing the site, the prior Indian villagers had cleared much of the land, making agriculture relatively easy.  Although there are no contemporary accounts to verify the legend, [[Plymouth Rock]] is often hailed as the point where the colonists first set foot on their new homeland.<ref>Philbrick (2006), pp 78-80</ref>

The colonists dropped anchor in Plymouth Harbor on December 17 and spent three days surveying for a settlement site.  They rejected several sites in favor of the site of an abandoned Native-American settlement named Patuxet. The location was chosen largely for its defensive position; the settlement would be centered on two hills: Cole's Hill, where the village would be built, and Fort Hill, where a defensive cannon would be stationed.  Also important in choosing the site, the prior Indian villagers had cleared much of the land, making agriculture relatively easy.  Although there are no contemporary accounts to verify the legend, [[Plymouth Rock]] is often hailed as the point where the colonists first set foot on their new homeland.<ref>Philbrick (2006), pp 78-80</ref>

Conflicts started to accumulate with Wampanoag after Massasoit died in 1662; the new Indian leaders, especially Metacom, or Philip, the new sachem, rejected friendship with the English, ignored the fate of the Pequot, and were suspected of conspiring against the settlers and the Indians allied to the settlers. By 1660 the settlers no longer needed furs or food provided by trading with Indians. Conversely, Indians  suspected English motives, chafed under English laws, and resented missionary efforts.  

Conflicts started to accumulate with Wampanoag after Massasoit died in 1662; the new Indian leaders, especially Metacom, or Philip, the new sachem, rejected friendship with the English, ignored the fate of the Pequot, and were suspected of conspiring against the settlers and the Indians allied to the settlers. By 1660 the settlers no longer needed furs or food provided by trading with Indians. Conversely, Indians  suspected English motives, chafed under English laws, and resented missionary efforts.  

[[Image:King Philip C by Revere.jpg|right|thumb|Portrait of King Philip, by [[Paul Revere]], illustration from the 1772 edition of Benjamin Church's ''The Entertaining History of King Philip's War'']]  The proximate cause of the conflict was the murder in 1675 of an Indian convert to Christianity (a "Praying Indian")  named John Sassamon.  Accused in the murder of Sassamon were some of Philip's most senior lieutenants.  A jury of twelve Englishmen and six Praying Indians found the Indians guilty of murder and sentenced them to death.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 221-223</ref>

The proximate cause of the conflict was the murder in 1675 of an Indian convert to Christianity (a "Praying Indian")  named John Sassamon.  Accused in the murder of Sassamon were some of Philip's most senior lieutenants.  A jury of twelve Englishmen and six Praying Indians found the Indians guilty of murder and sentenced them to death.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 221-223</ref>

Philip had already begun war preparations at his home base near [[Mount Hope, Rhode Island|Mount Hope]] where he started raiding English farms and pillaging their property.  In response, Governor [[Josiah Winslow]] called out the militia, and they organized and began to move on Philip's position.  The war had started.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 229-237</ref>

Philip had already begun war preparations at his home base near [[Mount Hope, Rhode Island|Mount Hope]] where he started raiding English farms and pillaging their property.  In response, Governor [[Josiah Winslow]] called out the militia, and they organized and began to move on Philip's position.  The war had started.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 229-237</ref>

===Religion===

===Religion===

[[Image:Robinson1.jpg|thumb|right|John Robinson memorial, placed outside of St. Peter's Church in Leiden]] The most important religious figure in the colony was [[John Robinson]], the original pastor of the Scrooby congregation and leader throughout the Leiden years.  Though he never actually set foot in New England, much of his theological pronouncements, later collected in 1853 by Robert Ashton as ''The Works of John Robinson'',<ref>Demos (1970), foreword pp x.</ref> were important to establishing the nature and character of the Plymouth church.  Among Robinson's pronouncements were on the roles of women and men.  It was in the natural order that women and men have differing roles in the household, though neither was lesser in the eyes of God.  Robinson's views were not purely egalitarian, as he frequently assigned inferior characteristics to the feminine roles, and noted that they should be under the "subjection" of their husbands.<ref>Demos (1970), pp 83-84</ref>  Robinson also made pronouncements on the proper methods of child rearing, and prescribed a strict upbringing with a strong emphasis on corporal punishment.  Robinson clearly believed that a child's natural inclination towards independence was a manifestation of the original sin, and thus was to be repressed at all costs.<ref>Demos (1970) pp 134-136</ref>

The most important religious figure in the colony was [[John Robinson]], the original pastor of the Scrooby congregation and leader throughout the Leiden years.  Though he never actually set foot in New England, much of his theological pronouncements, later collected in 1853 by Robert Ashton as ''The Works of John Robinson'',<ref>Demos (1970), foreword pp x.</ref> were important to establishing the nature and character of the Plymouth church.  Among Robinson's pronouncements were on the roles of women and men.  It was in the natural order that women and men have differing roles in the household, though neither was lesser in the eyes of God.  Robinson's views were not purely egalitarian, as he frequently assigned inferior characteristics to the feminine roles, and noted that they should be under the "subjection" of their husbands.<ref>Demos (1970), pp 83-84</ref>  Robinson also made pronouncements on the proper methods of child rearing, and prescribed a strict upbringing with a strong emphasis on corporal punishment.  Robinson clearly believed that a child's natural inclination towards independence was a manifestation of the original sin, and thus was to be repressed at all costs.<ref>Demos (1970) pp 134-136</ref>

The Pilgrims themselves were a subset of an English religious movement known as [[Puritanism]], which sought to "purify" the [[Anglican Church]] of its secular trappings.  The movement sought to return the church to a more primitive state, and to practice Christianity as was done by the earliest Church Fathers.  It held that the Bible was the only source of religious teaching, and that any additions made to Christianity since the Bible, especially with regard to church hierarchy, had no place in Christian practice.  The Pilgrims distinguished themselves from the Puritans in that they sought to "separate" themselves from the Anglican Church, rather than reform it from within.  It was this desire to worship from outside of the Anglican Communion that led them first to the Netherlands and ultimately to New England.<ref> Richard Howland Maxwell, "Pilgrim and Puritan : a Delicate Distinction" (2003) [http://www.pilgrimhall.org/PSNoteNewPilgrimPuritan.htm Pilgrim Hall Museum] </ref>

The Pilgrims themselves were a subset of an English religious movement known as [[Puritanism]], which sought to "purify" the [[Anglican Church]] of its secular trappings.  The movement sought to return the church to a more primitive state, and to practice Christianity as was done by the earliest Church Fathers.  It held that the Bible was the only source of religious teaching, and that any additions made to Christianity since the Bible, especially with regard to church hierarchy, had no place in Christian practice.  The Pilgrims distinguished themselves from the Puritans in that they sought to "separate" themselves from the Anglican Church, rather than reform it from within.  It was this desire to worship from outside of the Anglican Communion that led them first to the Netherlands and ultimately to New England.<ref> Richard Howland Maxwell, "Pilgrim and Puritan : a Delicate Distinction" (2003) [http://www.pilgrimhall.org/PSNoteNewPilgrimPuritan.htm Pilgrim Hall Museum] </ref>

   

   

====The "First Thanksgiving"====

====The "First Thanksgiving"====

The event now commemorated at the end of November each year is more properly termed a "harvest festival".  The event was held probably in early October and was celebrated by the 51 surviving Pilgrims, along with Massasoit and 90 of his men.  Two contemporary accounts of the event survive: ''Of Plimoth Plantation'' by William Bradford as well as ''Mourt's Relation'' by Edward Winslow.  The celebration lasted three days and featured a feast that included numerous types of waterfowl, wild turkeys and fish procured by the colonists, as well as five deer brought by the Native Americans.<ref> See "Primary Sources for 'The First Thanksgiving' at Plymouth" (1998) at [http://www.pilgrimhall.org/1stthnks.htm online] </ref>

 

The event now commemorated at the end of November each year is more properly termed a "harvest festival".  The event was held probably in early October and was celebrated by the 51 surviving Pilgrims, along with Massasoit and 90 of his men.  Two contemporary accounts of the event survive: ''Of Plimoth Plantation'' by William Bradford as well as ''[[Mourt's Relation]]'' by Edward Winslow.  The celebration lasted three days and featured a feast that included numerous types of waterfowl, wild turkeys and fish procured by the colonists, as well as five deer brought by the Native Americans.<ref> See "Primary Sources for 'The First Thanksgiving' at Plymouth" (1998) at [http://www.pilgrimhall.org/1stthnks.htm online] </ref>

===Black Slaves===

===Black Slaves===

===Art, literature and film===

===Art, literature and film===

[[Image:Of Plimoth Plantation Front.jpg|right|thumb|Front page of William Bradford's manuscript for ''Of Plimoth Plantation'']]The earliest artistic depiction of the Pilgrims was actually done before their arrival in America, as Dutch painter [[Adam Willaerts]] painted a portrait of their departure from Delfshaven in 1620.<ref>Philbrick 2006, pg 22</ref>  The same scene was recreated by [[Robert W. Weir|Robert Walter Weir]] in 1844, and hangs in the Rotunda of the [[United States Capitol]] building.  Numerous other paintings have been created memorializing various scenes from the life of Pilgrim Colony, including their landing and the "First Thanksgiving", many of which have been collected by [[Pilgrim Hall]], a museum and historical society founded in 1824 to preserve the history of Plymouth Colony.<ref>{{cite web | title = History Paintings | publisher = Pilgrim Hall | date = 1998 | url = http://www.pilgrimhall.org/hispaint.htm | accessdate = 2007-04-05}}</ref>

The earliest artistic depiction of the Pilgrims was actually done before their arrival in America, as Dutch painter [[Adam Willaerts]] painted a portrait of their departure from Delfshaven in 1620.<ref>Philbrick 2006, pg 22</ref>  The same scene was recreated by [[Robert W. Weir|Robert Walter Weir]] in 1844, and hangs in the Rotunda of the [[United States Capitol]] building.  Numerous other paintings have been created memorializing various scenes from the life of Pilgrim Colony, including their landing and the "First Thanksgiving", many of which have been collected by [[Pilgrim Hall]], a museum and historical society founded in 1824 to preserve the history of Plymouth Colony.<ref>{{cite web | title = History Paintings | publisher = Pilgrim Hall | date = 1998 | url = http://www.pilgrimhall.org/hispaint.htm | accessdate = 2007-04-05}}</ref>

Several contemporary accounts of life in Plymouth Colony have become both vital primary historical documents and literary classics.  ''[[Of Plymouth Plantation|Of Plimoth Plantation]]'' by William Bradford and ''[[Mourt's Relation]]'' by Bradford, Edward Winslow, and others and published by [[George Morton]] are both accounts written by ''Mayflower'' passengers which provide much of the information we have today regarding the trans-Atlantic voyage and early years of the settlement.  Benjamin Church wrote several accounts of King Philip's War, including ''Entertaining Passages Relating to Philip's War'', which remained popular for a century; one edition was illustrated by [[Paul Revere]] in 1772.  One of the most famous memoirs in American letters is [[Mary Rowlandson]]'s ''A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, or The Sovereignty and Goodness of God'' (1677), a  penetrating and deeply religious account of how she was captured, her children murdered and herself held hostage by Indians as part of their warfare against the whites during of King Philip's War.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 75, 288, 357-358; Mitchell Breitwieser, ''American Puritanism and the Defense of Mourning: Religion, Grief, and Ethnology in Mary White Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative'' (1990). </ref>  Later works, such as "[[The Courtship of Miles Standish]]" by [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], have provided a romantic and partially fictionalized account of life in Plymouth Colony.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 354</ref>   

Several contemporary accounts of life in Plymouth Colony have become both vital primary historical documents and literary classics.  ''[[Of Plymouth Plantation|Of Plimoth Plantation]]'' by William Bradford and ''[[Mourt's Relation]]'' by Bradford, Edward Winslow, and others and published by [[George Morton]] are both accounts written by ''Mayflower'' passengers which provide much of the information we have today regarding the trans-Atlantic voyage and early years of the settlement.  Benjamin Church wrote several accounts of King Philip's War, including ''Entertaining Passages Relating to Philip's War'', which remained popular for a century; one edition was illustrated by [[Paul Revere]] in 1772.  One of the most famous memoirs in American letters is [[Mary Rowlandson]]'s ''A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, or The Sovereignty and Goodness of God'' (1677), a  penetrating and deeply religious account of how she was captured, her children murdered and herself held hostage by Indians as part of their warfare against the whites during of King Philip's War.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 75, 288, 357-358; Mitchell Breitwieser, ''American Puritanism and the Defense of Mourning: Religion, Grief, and Ethnology in Mary White Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative'' (1990). </ref>  Later works, such as "[[The Courtship of Miles Standish]]" by [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], have provided a romantic and partially fictionalized account of life in Plymouth Colony.<ref>Philbrick (2006) pp 354</ref>