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Essay: How to choose a Bible (view source)
Revision as of 01:02, January 16, 2015
, 01:02, January 16, 2015established new article, with links
'''How to choose a Bible''' is an important question for every believing Christian who takes the Christian Faith in Jesus Christ seriously. The Bible is unique in world literature, because it contains the written communication of God the Holy Spirit through chosen human writers addressed to all mankind, male and female. A clear and accurate text is of supreme importance for the reader who desires to know what God has said and who seeks to understand, as far as possible, the revealed mind of God Himself.
The task of seeking a reliable and trustworthy version of the Bible is relatively simple when undertaken with a few very basic facts in mind.
The original languages of the individual books of the Bible are Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic and (mainly) ''Koine'' Greek. If you do not know these written languages, then a reliable and accurate translation will be needed. For those whose primary or native language is English, the best editions of the Bible are those offering accurate '''''Parallel English and Hebrew''''' texts with accurate '''''Parallel English and Greek''''' texts. Understand that all languages change over the course of several centuries and the language forms in the Bible today differ greatly from the current 21st century forms of these languages. A useful companion for aid in reading the original Bible languages is called '''''Interlinear''''', in which every line of the Bible text has a translation in English usually below it. The most recent textual research in print is represented by what are called '''''Critical Editions''''' of the text, which feature important variations in the earliest manuscripts of the Bible, often read by Biblical scholars as their own personal devotional Bible.
The biblehub.com online link page displays multiple versions of any canonical verse of the Bible in several languages, including scholarly researched Hebrew and Greek texts. See the following examples:
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/genesis/1-1.htm Genesis 1:1]
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/deuteronomy/17-12.htm Deuteronomy 17:12]
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/john/1-1.htm John 1:1]
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/2_peter/1-20.htm 2 Peter 1:20]
Importance sources for study of the original texts:
Septuagint
*[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ioscs/editions.html IOSCS The International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies. Critical Editions of Septuagint/Old Greek Texts]
*[http://biblical-studies.ca/lxx/57-editions-lxx.html CODEX. Resources for Biblical, Theological, and Religious Studies maintained by Tyler F. Williams: Greek Editions of the LXX]
*[http://abramkj.com/2012/10/08/bhs-the-gottingen-septuagint-and-other-critical-editions-a-basic-orientation-to-what-they-are/ Abram: October 8, 2012: "BHS, the Göttingen Septuagint, and other critical editions: a basic orientation to what they are"]
Hebrew Bible
*[http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v07/Weis2002.html ''Biblia Hebraica Quinta'' and the Making of Critical Editions of the Hebrew Bible. Richard D. Weis, United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities]
*[http://ohb.berkeley.edu/ The Oxford Hebrew Bible Project. The Hebrew Bible: A Critical Edition]
*[http://www.bibleinterp.com/opeds/2014/08/hen388019.shtml A New Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible, By Ronald Hendel. Norma and Sam Dabby Professor of Hebrew Bible and Jewish Studies, University of California, Berkeley. August 2014]
Vulgate
*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/vulgate1.html The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915): The Vulgate, by Samuel Angus]
*[http://www.academic-bible.com/en/home/scholarly-editions/vulgate/ The ''Biblia Sacra Vulgata'' and its history]
*[http://vulgate.net/ Vulgate + Vetus Latina ''St. Jerome's Vulgate & Old Latin Bible : The Internet Edition With Critical Apparatus'']
*[http://taylormarshall.com/2012/03/which-latin-vulgate-should-you-purchase.html Which Latin Vulgate Should You Purchase? by Dr Taylor Marshall]
Most Christians will have been exposed to the traditional form of the Bible approved by their own faith tradition. For example, many Protestant Christians treasure the King James Bible KJV, but many Evangelical denominations use more recent translations such as the New International Version NIV or the English Standard Version ESV. The United Methodist Church today prefers the New Revised Standard Version NRSV. English-speaking Orthodox Christians have the Greek Bible as handed down from the time of the apostles available to them in the traditional English translation by Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton, but they also have since then more recent translations in English approved by the Synods of Bishops of their countries—in the U.S. the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America. Catholic Christians who are more conservative use the Douay-Rheims Bible in the Confraternity edition, but they also have the New American Bible, Revised Edition, approved by the USCCB, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Almost all Christians trust the English version of the Holy Bible handed down to them through their families. They are each held to be a good choice for members of their own faith tradition, or community, or denomination, or Church.
The number of books in the Bible accepted as a faithful transmission of the sacred scriptures by any religious tradition can differ, from the shorter Protestant canon of 66 books to the expanded canon of 81 books in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Church]].
No version of the Bible contains in any of its books or texts of scripture an ''explicit'' listing of an authoritative Biblical canon as revealed by the Word of God. The religious tradition of each particular sect or denomination, Samaritan, Orthodox, Jewish, Catholic, Protestant, has determined for their members the particular Biblical canon they have accepted as authoritative and definitive, the particular Bible they normally use. Some denominations have additionally specified the particular ''translation'' or ''version'' of the Bible which they have defined as authentic, as against other versions and translations which they deem to be defective, or false, or even ''demonically'' corrupt.<ref>[http://www.catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/protestantism/wbible.htm Where We Got the Bible: Our Debt to the Catholic Church, by The Right Rev. Henry G. Graham] (catholicapologetics.info). Published TAN Books; Revised edition (March 1, 1992) ISBN-10: 0895557967, ISBN-13: 978-0895557964. 172 pages. ''Bishop Dr. Graham presents a detailed historical analysis, with documentation, of the various attempts to falsify the Bible, even to eliminate it, from the 1st century to the present day''.<br/>[http://www.bibleprobe.com/falsebibles.htm Beware of these new False Bibles since 1881 - Bible Probe] (bibleprobe.com)<br/>[http://www.kjv1611.org.uk/Seven%20Easy%20Ways.htm King James Bible Believers. Seven Easy Ways to tell the true Bible from the false ones, by Will Kinney] (kjv1611.org.uk)<br/>[http://www.jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/New%20Age/new_age-riplinger.htm New Age Bible Versions — by Dr. Gail Riplinger] (jesus-is-savior.com)<br/>[http://www.trustingodamerica.com/NIV.htm The New International Version (NIV) and English Standard Version (ESV) - Full of False Doctrine]</ref> The [[King James Only]] movement is an example. Traditionalist Catholics who use only the Douay-Rheims Bible translation of the ''Clementine Vulgate'' as the only truly accurate and reliable translation of the Bible are another. The number of Christian denominations alone, worldwide, varies in estimate from 20,000 to 43,000, but not all of them differ in doctrine.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population]<br/>[http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/a120.htm How Many Protestant Denominations Are There? The 20,000 30,000 numbers and David Barrett's statistics]<br/>[http://hirr.hartsem.edu/research/fastfacts/fast_facts.html Hartford Institute for Religion Research. Fast Facts about American Religion]<br/>[http://www.gotquestions.org/Protestant-denominations.html Question: "Which of the 30,000 Protestant denominations is the true church of God?"]<br/>[https://theway21stcentury.wordpress.com/2012/11/23/how-many-christian-denominations-worldwide/ THE WAY? HOW MANY CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS WORLDWIDE? 23 NOVEMBER, 2012 | UNKLEE]</ref>
The particular Biblical canon which any ''individual person'' accepts as finally and definitively authoritative, is directly determined by the specific claim of authority presented by that particular canon-defining person or group or organization or religious body which the ''individual person'' perceives as authentic (see [[Logical fallacy]]). The average believer normally accepts the Bible tradition of his or her own family and worship community as being authentically true. Some alter their perception of which version and which canon of the Bible is true after investigating the historical development of the Biblical canon, and some after investigating are more fully confirmed in their original belief of which Biblical canon represents the Bible of the original Christian Church. A thorough knowledge of history together with prayer to God for discernment can be of substantial material aid in the quest for "[[how to choose a Bible]]".
The [[Religious Society of Friends|Friends (Quakers)]] do not define any writing as canonical but what each person, "led by the spirit and light of Christ", has determined to be scripture or recognizes as inspired.<ref>See the essay [http://www.newmanreader.org/works/essays/volume2/private.html Private Judgment [British Critic, July 1841]] (newmanreader.org)</ref><blockquote>"Now the Lord's power was so mighty upon me, and so strong in me, that I could not hold, but was made to cry out and say, "Oh! no; it is not the scriptures;" and told them it was the Holy Spirit, by which the holy men of God gave forth the scriptures, whereby opinions, religions, and judgments were to be tried; for it led into all Truth, and so gave the knowledge of all Truth." —''from the'' Journal of [[George Fox]].<ref>[http://www.qis.net/~daruma/foxbible.html GEORGE FOX'S TEACHING ON THE PLACE OF SCRIPTURE] (qis.net)</ref></blockquote>
Every Christian faced with the question of ''how to choose a Bible'' must discern good translations from bad translations, and this includes deciding among those Bibles offering footnotes and marginal "running commentary" on particular verses. Many of these are called "Study Bibles" and they always reflect the particular doctrinal interpretation of a particular individual or committee of editors or denomination, for example the ''Scofield Reference Bible'' which promotes the [[Fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] doctrine of ''[[dispensationalism]]'', or Concordia's ''Lutheran Study Bible'' with commentary by Martin Luther, and the ''Orthodox Study Bible'' and ''New American Bible, Revised Edition'' which promote and explain the doctrinal teaching of those Churches.
See [[Apostolic succession]]
'''Conservapedia''' has several articles which can aid Christians in discerning which Bible is the best choice for their ongoing relationship with God the Father, Son, Holy Spirit. See the following articles in this order:
*[[Bible]] ''offers an listing of different versions of the Bible with linked articles offering a critique on their degree of accuracy''
*[[Biblical Canon]]
*[[Deuterocanonicals]]
*[[Anagignoskomena]]
*[[Antilegomena]]
*[[Bible translations]] —see [[Badger skins (Bible)]] regarding KJV translation of ערת תחשׁים ''tahash skins''
*[[Exegesis]]
The best approach in reading these articles is to access and read all of the footnotes and all of the articles and sources under "External links". This will take a while, but will be well worth the effort.
==References==
{{reflist}}
The task of seeking a reliable and trustworthy version of the Bible is relatively simple when undertaken with a few very basic facts in mind.
The original languages of the individual books of the Bible are Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic and (mainly) ''Koine'' Greek. If you do not know these written languages, then a reliable and accurate translation will be needed. For those whose primary or native language is English, the best editions of the Bible are those offering accurate '''''Parallel English and Hebrew''''' texts with accurate '''''Parallel English and Greek''''' texts. Understand that all languages change over the course of several centuries and the language forms in the Bible today differ greatly from the current 21st century forms of these languages. A useful companion for aid in reading the original Bible languages is called '''''Interlinear''''', in which every line of the Bible text has a translation in English usually below it. The most recent textual research in print is represented by what are called '''''Critical Editions''''' of the text, which feature important variations in the earliest manuscripts of the Bible, often read by Biblical scholars as their own personal devotional Bible.
The biblehub.com online link page displays multiple versions of any canonical verse of the Bible in several languages, including scholarly researched Hebrew and Greek texts. See the following examples:
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/genesis/1-1.htm Genesis 1:1]
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/deuteronomy/17-12.htm Deuteronomy 17:12]
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/john/1-1.htm John 1:1]
*[http://biblehub.com/multi/2_peter/1-20.htm 2 Peter 1:20]
Importance sources for study of the original texts:
Septuagint
*[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ioscs/editions.html IOSCS The International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies. Critical Editions of Septuagint/Old Greek Texts]
*[http://biblical-studies.ca/lxx/57-editions-lxx.html CODEX. Resources for Biblical, Theological, and Religious Studies maintained by Tyler F. Williams: Greek Editions of the LXX]
*[http://abramkj.com/2012/10/08/bhs-the-gottingen-septuagint-and-other-critical-editions-a-basic-orientation-to-what-they-are/ Abram: October 8, 2012: "BHS, the Göttingen Septuagint, and other critical editions: a basic orientation to what they are"]
Hebrew Bible
*[http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v07/Weis2002.html ''Biblia Hebraica Quinta'' and the Making of Critical Editions of the Hebrew Bible. Richard D. Weis, United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities]
*[http://ohb.berkeley.edu/ The Oxford Hebrew Bible Project. The Hebrew Bible: A Critical Edition]
*[http://www.bibleinterp.com/opeds/2014/08/hen388019.shtml A New Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible, By Ronald Hendel. Norma and Sam Dabby Professor of Hebrew Bible and Jewish Studies, University of California, Berkeley. August 2014]
Vulgate
*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/vulgate1.html The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915): The Vulgate, by Samuel Angus]
*[http://www.academic-bible.com/en/home/scholarly-editions/vulgate/ The ''Biblia Sacra Vulgata'' and its history]
*[http://vulgate.net/ Vulgate + Vetus Latina ''St. Jerome's Vulgate & Old Latin Bible : The Internet Edition With Critical Apparatus'']
*[http://taylormarshall.com/2012/03/which-latin-vulgate-should-you-purchase.html Which Latin Vulgate Should You Purchase? by Dr Taylor Marshall]
Most Christians will have been exposed to the traditional form of the Bible approved by their own faith tradition. For example, many Protestant Christians treasure the King James Bible KJV, but many Evangelical denominations use more recent translations such as the New International Version NIV or the English Standard Version ESV. The United Methodist Church today prefers the New Revised Standard Version NRSV. English-speaking Orthodox Christians have the Greek Bible as handed down from the time of the apostles available to them in the traditional English translation by Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton, but they also have since then more recent translations in English approved by the Synods of Bishops of their countries—in the U.S. the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America. Catholic Christians who are more conservative use the Douay-Rheims Bible in the Confraternity edition, but they also have the New American Bible, Revised Edition, approved by the USCCB, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Almost all Christians trust the English version of the Holy Bible handed down to them through their families. They are each held to be a good choice for members of their own faith tradition, or community, or denomination, or Church.
The number of books in the Bible accepted as a faithful transmission of the sacred scriptures by any religious tradition can differ, from the shorter Protestant canon of 66 books to the expanded canon of 81 books in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Church]].
No version of the Bible contains in any of its books or texts of scripture an ''explicit'' listing of an authoritative Biblical canon as revealed by the Word of God. The religious tradition of each particular sect or denomination, Samaritan, Orthodox, Jewish, Catholic, Protestant, has determined for their members the particular Biblical canon they have accepted as authoritative and definitive, the particular Bible they normally use. Some denominations have additionally specified the particular ''translation'' or ''version'' of the Bible which they have defined as authentic, as against other versions and translations which they deem to be defective, or false, or even ''demonically'' corrupt.<ref>[http://www.catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/protestantism/wbible.htm Where We Got the Bible: Our Debt to the Catholic Church, by The Right Rev. Henry G. Graham] (catholicapologetics.info). Published TAN Books; Revised edition (March 1, 1992) ISBN-10: 0895557967, ISBN-13: 978-0895557964. 172 pages. ''Bishop Dr. Graham presents a detailed historical analysis, with documentation, of the various attempts to falsify the Bible, even to eliminate it, from the 1st century to the present day''.<br/>[http://www.bibleprobe.com/falsebibles.htm Beware of these new False Bibles since 1881 - Bible Probe] (bibleprobe.com)<br/>[http://www.kjv1611.org.uk/Seven%20Easy%20Ways.htm King James Bible Believers. Seven Easy Ways to tell the true Bible from the false ones, by Will Kinney] (kjv1611.org.uk)<br/>[http://www.jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/New%20Age/new_age-riplinger.htm New Age Bible Versions — by Dr. Gail Riplinger] (jesus-is-savior.com)<br/>[http://www.trustingodamerica.com/NIV.htm The New International Version (NIV) and English Standard Version (ESV) - Full of False Doctrine]</ref> The [[King James Only]] movement is an example. Traditionalist Catholics who use only the Douay-Rheims Bible translation of the ''Clementine Vulgate'' as the only truly accurate and reliable translation of the Bible are another. The number of Christian denominations alone, worldwide, varies in estimate from 20,000 to 43,000, but not all of them differ in doctrine.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population]<br/>[http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/a120.htm How Many Protestant Denominations Are There? The 20,000 30,000 numbers and David Barrett's statistics]<br/>[http://hirr.hartsem.edu/research/fastfacts/fast_facts.html Hartford Institute for Religion Research. Fast Facts about American Religion]<br/>[http://www.gotquestions.org/Protestant-denominations.html Question: "Which of the 30,000 Protestant denominations is the true church of God?"]<br/>[https://theway21stcentury.wordpress.com/2012/11/23/how-many-christian-denominations-worldwide/ THE WAY? HOW MANY CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS WORLDWIDE? 23 NOVEMBER, 2012 | UNKLEE]</ref>
The particular Biblical canon which any ''individual person'' accepts as finally and definitively authoritative, is directly determined by the specific claim of authority presented by that particular canon-defining person or group or organization or religious body which the ''individual person'' perceives as authentic (see [[Logical fallacy]]). The average believer normally accepts the Bible tradition of his or her own family and worship community as being authentically true. Some alter their perception of which version and which canon of the Bible is true after investigating the historical development of the Biblical canon, and some after investigating are more fully confirmed in their original belief of which Biblical canon represents the Bible of the original Christian Church. A thorough knowledge of history together with prayer to God for discernment can be of substantial material aid in the quest for "[[how to choose a Bible]]".
The [[Religious Society of Friends|Friends (Quakers)]] do not define any writing as canonical but what each person, "led by the spirit and light of Christ", has determined to be scripture or recognizes as inspired.<ref>See the essay [http://www.newmanreader.org/works/essays/volume2/private.html Private Judgment [British Critic, July 1841]] (newmanreader.org)</ref><blockquote>"Now the Lord's power was so mighty upon me, and so strong in me, that I could not hold, but was made to cry out and say, "Oh! no; it is not the scriptures;" and told them it was the Holy Spirit, by which the holy men of God gave forth the scriptures, whereby opinions, religions, and judgments were to be tried; for it led into all Truth, and so gave the knowledge of all Truth." —''from the'' Journal of [[George Fox]].<ref>[http://www.qis.net/~daruma/foxbible.html GEORGE FOX'S TEACHING ON THE PLACE OF SCRIPTURE] (qis.net)</ref></blockquote>
Every Christian faced with the question of ''how to choose a Bible'' must discern good translations from bad translations, and this includes deciding among those Bibles offering footnotes and marginal "running commentary" on particular verses. Many of these are called "Study Bibles" and they always reflect the particular doctrinal interpretation of a particular individual or committee of editors or denomination, for example the ''Scofield Reference Bible'' which promotes the [[Fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] doctrine of ''[[dispensationalism]]'', or Concordia's ''Lutheran Study Bible'' with commentary by Martin Luther, and the ''Orthodox Study Bible'' and ''New American Bible, Revised Edition'' which promote and explain the doctrinal teaching of those Churches.
See [[Apostolic succession]]
'''Conservapedia''' has several articles which can aid Christians in discerning which Bible is the best choice for their ongoing relationship with God the Father, Son, Holy Spirit. See the following articles in this order:
*[[Bible]] ''offers an listing of different versions of the Bible with linked articles offering a critique on their degree of accuracy''
*[[Biblical Canon]]
*[[Deuterocanonicals]]
*[[Anagignoskomena]]
*[[Antilegomena]]
*[[Bible translations]] —see [[Badger skins (Bible)]] regarding KJV translation of ערת תחשׁים ''tahash skins''
*[[Exegesis]]
The best approach in reading these articles is to access and read all of the footnotes and all of the articles and sources under "External links". This will take a while, but will be well worth the effort.
==References==
{{reflist}}