| − | The '''Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis''' (sometimes referred to also as 'theory') makes an attempt to explain the origin and development of the [[Solar system]] within the framework of [[Naturalism (philosophy)|naturalism]]. In 1775, the famous German Philosopher and forerunner of [[evolutionism]], [[Immanuel Kant]]<ref name="Rohacek"/>, although highly versed in neither [[physics]] nor [[mathematics]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/311496/Kant-Laplace-nebular-hypothesis |accessdate=12 July 2015 |quote=}}</ref>, anonymously published his views on origin of Earth, later coined as nebular hypothesis. There in he advanced his belief that hard particles of matter collided with one another by gravitational attraction, and generated heat and rotation in this process.<ref>{{cite web | + | The '''Kant-Laplace [[nebular hypothesis]]''' (sometimes referred to also as 'theory') makes an attempt to explain the origin and development of the [[Solar system]] within the framework of [[Naturalism (philosophy)|naturalism]]. In 1775, the famous German Philosopher and forerunner of [[evolutionism]], [[Immanuel Kant]]<ref name="Rohacek"/>, although highly versed in neither [[physics]] nor [[mathematics]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/311496/Kant-Laplace-nebular-hypothesis |accessdate=12 July 2015 |quote=}}</ref>, anonymously published his views on origin of Earth, later coined as nebular hypothesis. There in he advanced his belief that hard particles of matter collided with one another by gravitational attraction, and generated heat and rotation in this process.<ref>{{cite web |
| | [[Jonathan Sarfati]] points out that for materialistic [[evolutionists|evolutionists]] who reject a [[Creator]]'' a priori'', the failed nebular hypothesis is still the leading candidate to fulfill their need to come up with another explanation than one [[Revelation|revealed]] in the [[Genesis]].<ref name="CMIonNebula">{{cite web |title=Solar system origin: Nebular hypothesis |author=Jonathan Sarfati |publisher=CMI |url=http://creation.com/nebular-hypothesis | | [[Jonathan Sarfati]] points out that for materialistic [[evolutionists|evolutionists]] who reject a [[Creator]]'' a priori'', the failed nebular hypothesis is still the leading candidate to fulfill their need to come up with another explanation than one [[Revelation|revealed]] in the [[Genesis]].<ref name="CMIonNebula">{{cite web |title=Solar system origin: Nebular hypothesis |author=Jonathan Sarfati |publisher=CMI |url=http://creation.com/nebular-hypothesis |
| | |quote=evolutionists reject a Creator a priori, so need to come up with another explanation. The leading candidate is called the nebular hypothesis. |accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> | | |quote=evolutionists reject a Creator a priori, so need to come up with another explanation. The leading candidate is called the nebular hypothesis. |accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> |
| − | The theory was part of discussion in controversy over the [[Age of the Earth]] where initial temperature, temperature gradient, and heat loss played an important role. Early in the 20th century the hypothesis was succeded with a newer idea coming from T.C. Chamberlin who replaced the material for accumulation by cold, solid particles and rocks that he called ‘''planetesimals''’.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Age of the Earth |author=John Valley |publisher=www.elementsmagazine.org |date= February 2013 |url=http://www.elementsmagazine.org/archives/e9_1/e9_1_dep_editorial.pdf |quote=The discussion at that time was far-reaching, and included Laplace’s solar nebula hypothesis as opposed to the newer idea of planetesimals, hot versus cold accretion of Earth, advective heat transfer in the mantle, the source of heat in the Sun, and the first habitats for life on Earth. |accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="West">{{cite web |title=Western culture and the age of the earth; Review of The Dating Game: One Man’s Search for the Age of the Earth by Cherry Lewis, Cambridge University Press, 2000 |author= Tas Walker |publisher= CMI |url= http://creation.com/cherry-lewis-the-dating-game-one-mans-search-for-the-age-of-the-earth-book-review |accessdate=13 June 2015 |quote=Remember that before anyone can calculate an age for anything, they have to assume its history, namely how it formed and what has happened to it from that time to the present. Early in the 20th century, T.C. Chamberlin had developed the idea that the earth had formed by the accumulation of cold, solid particles and rocks he called ‘planetesimals’. By the 1950s this explanation was widely accepted, and meteorites were considered to be junk left over from when the earth formed.}}</ref> | + | The theory was part of discussion in controversy over the [[Age of the Earth]] where initial temperature, temperature gradient, and heat loss played an important role. Early in the 20th century the hypothesis was succeded with a newer idea coming from T.C. Chamberlin who replaced the material for accumulation by cold, solid particles and rocks that he called ‘''planetesimals''’.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Age of the Earth |author=John Valley |publisher=www.elementsmagazine.org |date= February 2013 |url=http://www.elementsmagazine.org/archives/e9_1/e9_1_dep_editorial.pdf |quote=The discussion at that time was far-reaching, and included Laplace’s solar nebula hypothesis as opposed to the newer idea of planetesimals, hot versus cold accretion of Earth, advective heat transfer in the mantle, the source of heat in the Sun, and the first habitats for life on Earth. |accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="West">{{cite web |title=Western culture and the age of the earth; Review of The Dating Game: One Man’s Search for the Age of the Earth by Cherry Lewis, Cambridge University Press, 2000 |author= Tas Walker |publisher= CMI |url= http://creation.com/cherry-lewis-the-dating-game-one-mans-search-for-the-age-of-the-earth-book-review |accessdate=13 June 2015 |quote=Remember that before anyone can calculate an age for anything, they have to assume its history, namely how it formed and what has happened to it from that time to the present. Early in the 20th century, T.C. Chamberlin had developed the idea that the earth had formed by the accumulation of cold, solid particles and rocks he called ‘planetesimals’. By the 1950s this explanation was widely accepted, and meteorites were considered to be junk left over from when the earth formed.}}</ref> |
| | + | The outer giant planets, [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]], pose a serious challenge to naturalistic theories of planet formation. They exist in a region of the solar system where long dynamical timescales and a low primordial density of material would have conspired to make the formation of such large bodies very difficult.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Formation of Uranus and Neptune among Jupiter and Saturn |author=E. W. Thommes et al. |journal=The Astronomical Journal |year=2002 |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=2862–2883 |doi=10.1086/339975 |url=http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/123/5/2862/pdf/1538-3881_123_5_2862.pdf |accessdate=26 July 2015}</ref> According to journal ''Astronomy Magazine'' (2000), bodies orbited so slowly in the outer parts of the Sun's protoplanetary disk that the slow process of gravitational accretion would need more than the [evolutionary] age of the solar system to form bodies with 14.5 and 17.1 times the mass of earth.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Birth of Uranus and Neptune |author=R.N. |journal=Astronomy magazine|year=2000 |volume=4 |issue=28 |pages=30 |url=http://www.astronomy.com/issues/2000/april-2000}}</ref> |