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Cicero
Natural Law Theory is the official ethic of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_06081993_veritatis-splendor_en.html Pope John Paul II, ''Veritatis Splendor'']; [http://www.pathsoflove.com/universal-ethics-natural-law.html International Theological Commission, ''The Search for Universal Ethics: A New Look at the Natural Law''].</ref> It was espoused by [[Thomas Aquinas]],<ref>See, for example, ''Summa Theologiae'', [http://www.newadvent.org/summa/2094.htm#article1 I-II, qq. 90-94.]</ref> and argues that, as [[God]] created the universe and revealed His mind to man through the order inherent in things discernible by the natural light of reason, man can use his reason to discern God's Will by studying the natural world. For instance, a study of the male and female reproductive system naturally leads any sane person to see that their natural function is to come together for the purpose of procreation- so any acts excluding this purpose, such as [[homosexuality]], [[onanism]], [[contraception]], and acts during [[menstruation]], are wrong. Before the encyclical ''Casti Connubii'' in 1930, some Catholics believed that acts during [[pregnancy]] or after [[menopause]] were also wrong as against natural law.
Natural Law Theory is the official ethic of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_06081993_veritatis-splendor_en.html Pope John Paul II, ''Veritatis Splendor'']; [http://www.pathsoflove.com/universal-ethics-natural-law.html International Theological Commission, ''The Search for Universal Ethics: A New Look at the Natural Law''].</ref> It was espoused by [[Thomas Aquinas]],<ref>See, for example, ''Summa Theologiae'', [http://www.newadvent.org/summa/2094.htm#article1 I-II, qq. 90-94.]</ref> and argues that, as [[God]] created the universe and revealed His mind to man through the order inherent in things discernible by the natural light of reason, man can use his reason to discern God's Will by studying the natural world. For instance, a study of the male and female reproductive system naturally leads any sane person to see that their natural function is to come together for the purpose of procreation- so any acts excluding this purpose, such as [[homosexuality]], [[onanism]], [[contraception]], and acts during [[menstruation]], are wrong. Before the encyclical ''Casti Connubii'' in 1930, some Catholics believed that acts during [[pregnancy]] or after [[menopause]] were also wrong as against natural law.
==History==
One of the earliest to recognize the source of Natural Rights(God) together with the immutability of the law, was the Roman senator [[Cicero]].
{{cquote|"There is a true law, a right reason, conformable to nature, universal, unchangeable, eternal, whose commands urge us to duty, and whose prohibitions restrain us from evil. Whether it enjoins or forbids, the good respect its injunctions, and the wicked treat them with indifference. This law cannot be contradicted by any other law, and is not liable either to derogation or abrogation. Neither the senate nor the people can give us any dispensation for not obeying this universal law of justice. It needs no other expositor and interpreter than our own conscience. It is not one thing at Rome and another at Athens; one thing today and another tomorrow; but in all times and nations this universal law must for ever reign, eternal and imperishable. It is the sovereign master and emperor of all beings. God himself is its author, - its promulgator, - its enforcer. He who obeys it not, flies from himself, and does violence to the very nature of man. For his crime he must endure the severest penalties hereafter, even if he avoid the usual misfortunes of the present life." - Cicero, ''De Re Publica''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ky_yiNo1BAC&pg=PA270|title=The political works of Marcus Tullius Cicero, tr. by Francis Barham|author=Marcus Tullius Cicero|date=1841}}</ref>}}
==State of Nature==
==State of Nature==
*[[John Locke]]
*[[John Locke]]
*[[Sir William Blackstone]]
*[[Sir William Blackstone]]
*[[Cicero]]
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]