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Line 27: − Technocracy has drawn comparison with early socialist theorists such as [[Henri de Saint-Simon]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=S8-eBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 Concepts of Technocracy]</ref>+
Forerunners, Bell's description
The origins of ''Technocracy'' have been the subject of some debate, but William Henry Smyth has been generally recognized as having invented the word "technocracy" in 1919 to describe as he put it: "''the rule of the people made effective through the agency of their servants, the scientists and engineers''"<ref>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Barry|title=Sleepers, Wake! Technology and the Future of Work|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=214}}</ref>. Smyth had [[Industrial Democracy]] in mind when he coined the term<ref>{{cite book|last=Smyth|first=William H.|title=Technocracy Parts I-IV., Working Explosively, A Protest Against Mechanistic Efficiency. Working Explosively Versus Working Efficiently|publisher=Berkeley Gazette|quote=Technocracy Part III., "Technocracy" - Ways and Means To Gain Industrial Democracy}}</ref>.
The origins of ''Technocracy'' have been the subject of some debate, but William Henry Smyth has been generally recognized as having invented the word "technocracy" in 1919 to describe as he put it: "''the rule of the people made effective through the agency of their servants, the scientists and engineers''"<ref>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Barry|title=Sleepers, Wake! Technology and the Future of Work|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=214}}</ref>. Smyth had [[Industrial Democracy]] in mind when he coined the term<ref>{{cite book|last=Smyth|first=William H.|title=Technocracy Parts I-IV., Working Explosively, A Protest Against Mechanistic Efficiency. Working Explosively Versus Working Efficiently|publisher=Berkeley Gazette|quote=Technocracy Part III., "Technocracy" - Ways and Means To Gain Industrial Democracy}}</ref>.
[[Thorstein Veblen]] is also regarded to be an early father of technocracy<ref name=utopianism>[https://books.google.com/books?id=n6RabZ8t48gC&pg=PA259 Technological Utopianism in American Culture]</ref>, when he called for a ''Soviet of Technicians'' in 1921.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/engineersandpri01veblgoog ''The engineers and the price system ''], by [[Thorstein Veblen]]], p. 138</ref>
[[Thorstein Veblen]] is also regarded to be an early father of technocracy<ref name=utopianism>[https://books.google.com/books?id=n6RabZ8t48gC&pg=PA259 Technological Utopianism in American Culture]</ref>, when he called for a ''Soviet of Technicians'' in 1921.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/engineersandpri01veblgoog ''The engineers and the price system ''], by [[Thorstein Veblen]], p. 138</ref>
A second group of technocrats in the 1930's, led by Howard Scott, built what was at the time known as the Technocracy Movement.<ref name=utopianism />
A second group of technocrats in the 1930's, led by Howard Scott, built what was at the time known as the Technocracy Movement.<ref name=utopianism />
==Forerunners==
Technocracy has drawn comparison with early socialist theorists such as [[Henri de Saint-Simon]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=S8-eBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 Concepts of Technocracy]</ref>
Similarly, the book [[Philip Dru: Administrator]] written by President [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s advisor [[Colonel House]], has a very strong technocratic construct<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PSy_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192 Pathology of the Elites: How the Arrogant Classes Plan to Run Your Life]</ref> with its propensity to describe the important role of expertise, bureaucracies, and quick decision.
==Critiques==
==Critiques==
===Technocracy and Socialism===
===Technocracy and Socialism===
Daniel Bell, an influential sociologist<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Bell Daniel Bell]</ref>, made a direct comparison between technocracy and early socialist theorists, particularly that of [[Henri de Saint-Simon]]. He wrote that "St. Simon's vision of industrial society, a vision of pure technocracy, was a system of planning and rational order in which society would specify its needs and organize the factors of production to achieve them."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q6_56x5tB7gC&pg=PA76|last1=Bell|first1=Daniel|year=2008|title=The Coming Of Post-industrial Society|isbn=978-0465097135}}</ref> Bell concluded that the "administration of things" is the "hallmark of technocracy".
In addition, [[Upton Sinclair]] was very excited<ref>Arthur M. Schlesinger (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=UAjls3YykzgC&pg=PA463 The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919-1933] Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, p. 463.</ref> about the coming Technocracy movement and lauded its arrival. He wrote:
In addition, [[Upton Sinclair]] was very excited<ref>Arthur M. Schlesinger (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=UAjls3YykzgC&pg=PA463 The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919-1933] Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, p. 463.</ref> about the coming Technocracy movement and lauded its arrival. He wrote: