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Line 1: − + − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − − ==Properties== − Melting Point: 1720.85°F (938.25°C or 1211.40 K) − − Boiling Point: 5131°F (2833°C or 3106 K) − − Density: 5.323 grams per cubic centimeter − − State of Matter at Room Temperature: Solid − + − + − http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/32/germanium+ −
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{{Element | name=Germanium | symbol=Ge | anumber=32 | amass= 72.6 | noe= 32 | class= Metalloid | cstructure= Cubic | color= Gray | date= 1886 | discname= Clemens Winkler | origname= From the Latin word ''Germania'', meaning Germany | uses= Semiconductors | obtained=
{{Element
Refining of copper, zinc, lead}}
| name=Germanium
| symbol=Ge
| class=Group IVA, Carbon family
| anumber=32
| amass= 72.59
| stableisotopes=70, 72, 73, 74, 76
| unstableisotopes=66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 75, 77, 78
| meltingpoint=937.4 (1,720.85 °F)
| boilingpoint=2,830 (5,131 °F)
| density=5.323
| hardness=6.25
| abundance=0.0007
| oxidation=+2, +4
| date= 1886
| discname= Clemens Winkler
| origname= From the Latin word ''Germania'', Germany
| uses= Semiconductors
| obtained=Refining of copper, zinc, lead
}}
'''Germanium''' ''(jer-MAY-ni-em)'' is a brittle, silvery-white semi-metal (metalloid).<ref>http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/32/germanium</ref>
'''Germanium''' ''(jer-MAY-ni-em)'' is a brittle, silvery-white semi-metal (metalloid).<ref>http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/32/germanium</ref>
==History==
==History==
Germanium was first proposed to exist by Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1871. He had recently created a Periodic Table of Elements, and identified gaps which where unknown elements. Germanium was officially discovered in 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist. He found it in the mineral [[argyrodite]] (Ag8GeS6).
Germanium was first proposed to exist by Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1871. He had recently created a Periodic Table of Elements, and identified gaps which where unknown elements. Germanium was officially discovered in 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist. He found it in the mineral [[argyrodite]] (Ag8GeS6).
{{Template:Periodic table}}
{{Periodic table}}
==Uses==
==Uses==
Germanium is primarily used as a semiconductor. With [[arsenic]], [[gallium]], [[indium]], [[antimony]] or [[phosphorus]], it is used to make transistors. Another major use for Germanium is lenses. It is used in the manufacture of wide-angle camera lenses and objective [[lenses]] for [[microscopes]]. <ref>http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/32/germanium</ref> It is also used to create alloys and as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps. <ref>http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele032.html</ref> Additionally, adding 1% germanium to [[silver]] prevents tarnishing.<ref>http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/32/germanium</ref>
Germanium is primarily used as a semiconductor. With [[arsenic]], [[gallium]], [[indium]], [[antimony]] or [[phosphorus]], it is used to make transistors. Another major use for Germanium is lenses. It is used in the manufacture of wide-angle camera lenses and objective [[lenses]] for [[microscopes]].<ref>http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/32/germanium</ref> It is also used to create alloys and as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps.<ref>http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele032.html</ref> Additionally, adding 1% germanium to [[silver]] prevents tarnishing.<ref>http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/32/germanium</ref>
==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
==External Resources==
==External links==
*http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/germanium.htm
http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/germanium.htm