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Although not many contemporary secular leftists are aware, historically there have been notable cases of [[communist]] countries that have had a history of anti-homosexuality (see: [[Atheism and the persecution of homosexuals|Atheism and anti-homosexuality]]).

Although not many contemporary secular leftists are aware, historically there have been notable cases of [[communist]] countries that have had a history of anti-homosexuality (see: [[Atheism and the persecution of homosexuals|Atheism and anti-homosexuality]]).

For example, in the [[Atheism and communism|atheistic communist]] state of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (USSR),<ref name="Demchenko2009">{{cite book|last=Demchenko|first=Elena|title=Religion and Identity of Soviet Jewish Immigrants in the United States|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b8LM-4FWYg4C&pg=PA7|accessdate=28 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=9781109121865|page=7|quote=The USSR declared itself the first atheist state in the world that discouraged any religion and persecuted those who tried to contradict the Marxist ideology.}}</ref> "a person could end up in prison for being openly gay."<ref name="Shiraev2014">{{cite book|last=Shiraev|first=Eric|title=A History of Psychology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5ck_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|accessdate=25 April 2014|date=2014-03-04|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781452276595|page=12|quote=In the Soviet Union before 1990, a person could end up in prison for being openly gay.}}</ref> This policy was enforced after 1934, and went hand in hand with the Soviet Union's official doctrine of [[militant atheism]], which led to the [[persecution of Christians in the USSR]].<ref name="Turgeon1989">{{cite book|last=Turgeon|first=Lynn|title=State & Discrimination: The Other Side of the Cold War|accessdate=25 April 2014|year=1989|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|language=English |isbn=9780765621733|page=67|quote=Homosexual acts between consenting males only became illegal in early 1934. To this day, some of these acts are punishable by five years' imprisonment. A highly publicized case occurred in 1974, when the celebrated Georgian movie director, Sergei Paradzhanov, was sentenced to six years' imprisonment for practicing homosexuality and incitement to suicide. Historical, there has been extensive discrimination in the USSR on both religious and political grounds. Religious persecution and the pursuit of atheistic educational policies by the state were especially great before World War II and, particularly, after a resolution of April 8, 1929, "On Religious Cults."}}</ref>  

For example, in the [[Atheism and communism|atheistic communist]] state of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (USSR),<ref name="Demchenko2009">{{cite book|last=Demchenko|first=Elena|title=Religion and Identity of Soviet Jewish Immigrants in the United States|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b8LM-4FWYg4C&pg=PA7|accessdate=28 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=9781109121865|page=7|quote=The USSR declared itself the first atheist state in the world that discouraged any religion and persecuted those who tried to contradict the Marxist ideology.}}</ref> "a person could end up in prison for being openly gay."<ref name="Shiraev2014">{{cite book|last=Shiraev|first=Eric|title=A History of Psychology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5ck_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|accessdate=25 April 2014|date=2014-03-04|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781452276595|page=12|quote=In the Soviet Union before 1990, a person could end up in prison for being openly gay.}}</ref> This policy was enforced after 1934, and went hand in hand with the Soviet Union's official doctrine of [[militant atheism]].<ref name="Turgeon1989">{{cite book|last=Turgeon|first=Lynn|title=State & Discrimination: The Other Side of the Cold War|accessdate=25 April 2014|year=1989|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|language=English |isbn=9780765621733|page=67|quote=Homosexual acts between consenting males only became illegal in early 1934. To this day, some of these acts are punishable by five years' imprisonment. A highly publicized case occurred in 1974, when the celebrated Georgian movie director, Sergei Paradzhanov, was sentenced to six years' imprisonment for practicing homosexuality and incitement to suicide. Historical, there has been extensive discrimination in the USSR on both religious and political grounds. Religious persecution and the pursuit of atheistic educational policies by the state were especially great before World War II and, particularly, after a resolution of April 8, 1929, "On Religious Cults."}}</ref>  

The régime under militant atheist [[Fidel Castro]] "denounced homosexuality and established Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, which patrolled neighborhoods and invaded private space."<ref name="Pickett2009">{{cite book|last=Pickett|first=Brent L.|title=The A to Z of Homosexuality|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uRABiOI7itsC&pg=PA120|accessdate=28 April 2014|date=9 February 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810870727|page=120|quote=Fidel Castro's regime denounced homosexuality and established Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, which patrolled neighborhoods and invaded private space.}}</ref>

The régime under militant atheist [[Fidel Castro]] "denounced homosexuality and established Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, which patrolled neighborhoods and invaded private space."<ref name="Pickett2009">{{cite book|last=Pickett|first=Brent L.|title=The A to Z of Homosexuality|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uRABiOI7itsC&pg=PA120|accessdate=28 April 2014|date=9 February 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810870727|page=120|quote=Fidel Castro's regime denounced homosexuality and established Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, which patrolled neighborhoods and invaded private space.}}</ref>