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'''Korean Airlines Flight 007''' (KAL007) was a scheduled passenger flight from [[New York City]] to [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] between August 31 and September 1, 1983, when it was attacked and shot down by fighter aircraft of the [[Soviet Union]] after straying into Soviet airspace near the Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island.  The reported deaths of 269 passengers, including one sitting Congressman - [[Conservative]] [[Larry McDonald]] (D-GA), and crew combined with massive Soviet [[deceit|deception]] as to the location of the crash site provoked international outrage, and may have been a catalyst leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union itself as a [[Politics|political]] entity.

'''Korean Airlines Flight 007''' (KAL007) was a scheduled passenger flight from [[New York City]] to [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] between August 31 and September 1, 1983, when it was attacked and shot down by fighter aircraft of the [[Soviet Union]] after straying into Soviet airspace near the Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island.  The reported deaths of 269 passengers, including one sitting Congressman - [[Conservative]] [[Larry McDonald]] (D-GA), and crew combined with massive Soviet [[deceit|deception]] as to the location of the crash site provoked international outrage, and may have been a catalyst leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union itself as a [[Politics|political]] entity.

It being a catalyst for the collapse of the Soviet Union may be inferred from the fact that [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] had decided, under the impetus of the U.S. administration, to deploy [[Pershing II]] and cruise [[missile]]s in [[Europe]], primarily [[West Germany]]. This deployment would have placed missiles just 6-10 minutes striking distance from [[Moscow]]. But support for the deployment was wavering and many doubted that the missile deployment would find enough support to effect it.

It being a catalyst for the collapse of the Soviet Union may be inferred from the fact that [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] had decided, under the impetus of the U.S. administration, to deploy [[Pershing II]] and cruise [[missile]]s in [[Europe]], primarily [[West Germany]]. This deployment would have placed missiles just 6–10 minutes striking distance from [[Moscow]]. But support for the deployment was wavering and many doubted that the missile deployment would find enough support to effect it.

When the Soviet Union shot down Flight 007 with 269 people aboard—an act which U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] characterized as a "massacre"—enough support was galvanized for the deployment. Many believe this U.S. confrontational demonstration of strength to be a factor in the demise of the Soviet Union.

When the Soviet Union shot down Flight 007 with 269 people aboard—an act which U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] characterized as a "massacre"—enough support was galvanized for the deployment. Many believe this U.S. confrontational demonstration of strength to be a factor in the demise of the Soviet Union.

[[Image:KAL007.JPG|thumb|300px]]

[[Image:KAL007.JPG|thumb|300px]]

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At 18:26 GMT two air-to-air missiles from an [[Sukhoi Su-15|Su-15 Flagon]] piloted by Major Gennadi Osipovich were fired at the jumbo jet<ref>See [http://www.rescue007.org/shootdown.htm Rescue 007:The Shootdown] for the combined U.S. electronic intercept and Soviet military communications of the actual shoot-down with photos of key personnel.</ref>, causing it to spiral down from 35,000 feet and after a 12 minute descent crash into the sea near Moneron Island.

At 18:26 GMT two air-to-air missiles from an [[Sukhoi Su-15|Su-15 Flagon]] piloted by Major Gennadi Osipovich were fired at the jumbo jet,<ref>See [http://www.rescue007.org/shootdown.htm Rescue 007:The Shootdown] for the combined U.S. electronic intercept and Soviet military communications of the actual shoot-down with photos of key personnel.</ref> causing it to spiral down from 35,000 feet and after a 12 minute descent crash into the sea near Moneron Island.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

==Missile damage to people and plane==

==Missile damage to people and plane==

What can be learned of the damage and lack of damage to KAL 007 is derived from its deciphered Black Box (Cockpit Voice Recorder and Digital Flight Data Recorder) tapes for the duration of the first minute and 44 seconds of its post detonation flight of at least 12 minutes, and from the Soviet real time communiques and radar trackings for the remainder of its flight .

What can be learned of the damage and lack of damage to KAL 007 is derived from its deciphered Black Box (Cockpit Voice Recorder and Digital Flight Data Recorder) tapes for the duration of the first minute and 44 seconds of its post detonation flight of at least 12 minutes, and from the Soviet real time communiques and radar trackings for the remainder of its flight .

====The proximity-fused radar guided missile====

====The proximity-fused radar guided missile====

The first missile was radar-controlled and proximity-fused, designed to detonate 50 meters from an aircraft. It exploded at exactly 18:26:02—exactly five hours, 26 minutes and 18 seconds after KAL 007 began its taxi to takeoff from Anchorage, Alaska.  Sending fragments forward, this missile either severed or unraveled the crossover cable from the left inboard elevator to the right elevator. This with damage to one of the four Hydraulic systems (3 of the 4 systems were damaged or out), caused KAL 007 to ascend from 35,000 ft. to 38,250 ft. at which point Capt. Chun, disengaging the auto-pilot and taking manual control, was able to bring it down.  

The first missile was radar-controlled and proximity-fused, designed to detonate 50 meters from an aircraft. It exploded at exactly 18:26:02—exactly five hours, 26 minutes and 18 seconds after KAL 007 began its taxi to takeoff from Anchorage, Alaska.  Sending fragments forward, this missile either severed or unraveled the crossover cable from the left inboard elevator to the right elevator. This with damage to one of the four Hydraulic systems (3 of the 4 systems were damaged or out), caused KAL 007 to ascend from 35,000&nbsp;ft. to 38,250&nbsp;ft. at which point Capt. Chun, disengaging the auto-pilot and taking manual control, was able to bring it down.  

The fragments also caused punctures to the pressurized passenger cabin. All the punctures together amounted to a total of 1 3/4 sq. feet, too small, even together, for anyone to be sucked out by decompression. This was determined by the 11 seconds it took for the air to begin rushing out of the cabin before the alarm was set off picked up by the Cockpit Voice Recorder.<ref>ICAO '93, Information Paper 1., pg. 93</ref>

The fragments also caused punctures to the pressurized passenger cabin. All the punctures together amounted to a total of 1 3/4 sq. feet, too small, even together, for anyone to be sucked out by decompression. This was determined by the 11 seconds it took for the air to begin rushing out of the cabin before the alarm was set off picked up by the Cockpit Voice Recorder.<ref>ICAO '93, Information Paper 1., pg. 93</ref>

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KAL 007 would exhibit a flight capability after the attack which would include a pull up to pre detonation altitude 0f 35,000 ft., a gradual descent until leveling out at 16,424 ft (5,000 meters), a flight of almost 5 minutes at that altitude and then slow spiral descent of Moneron Island, the only land mass in the whole Tatar straits. During this flight it was able also to negotiate turns. One of its four hydraulic systems evidenced no damage from the missile attack. There are three incidents where aircraft with one or even no hydraulic systems operational were able to fly and maneuver.  In July of 1971, Pan Am's flagship aircraft, a Boeing 747, registered N747PA, hit a light gantry upon take-off from San Francisco International Airport.  The crew had misjudged the speed of the aircraft and the length of the runway.  As the plane pulled up sharply in an attempt to clear it, the rear end of the fuselage came down on the gantry.  The aircraft continued to take off and with the gantry stuck in its cargo area and with three of the hydraulic systems destroyed.  The jumbo jet circled the airport and made a safe landing -- still with the gantry stuck through its cargo area and only one hydraulic system operational. On July 19, 1989, Capt. Al Hanes flew United Flight 232 with zero hydraulic to an emergency landing at Sioux City, Iowa airport.  The crew had limited control by using thrust modulation (symmetric thrust for pitch, differential thrust for yaw/roll). The aircraft eventually skidded of the runway and overturned in a field killing 110 of its 285 passengers and one of the 11 crew members. The third incidence involved the attempted shootdown of a DHL aircraft. On November 22, 2003, a missile took out portions of the left wing and collateral damage took out all the hydraulic systems. As in the case of the 1989 United Airlines Flight 232, the Captain could only use thrust to modify pitch, speed and altitude and vary throttles asymmetrically to control yaw and turn the aircraft. There were no casualties as the aircraft safely returned and landed at Baghdad International airport.

KAL 007 would exhibit a flight capability after the attack which would include a pull up to pre detonation altitude 0f 35,000&nbsp;ft., a gradual descent until leveling out at 16,424&nbsp;ft (5,000 meters), a flight of almost 5 minutes at that altitude and then slow spiral descent of Moneron Island, the only land mass in the whole Tatar straits. During this flight it was able also to negotiate turns. One of its four hydraulic systems evidenced no damage from the missile attack. There are three incidents where aircraft with one or even no hydraulic systems operational were able to fly and maneuver.  In July 1971, Pan Am's flagship aircraft, a Boeing 747, registered N747PA, hit a light gantry upon take-off from San Francisco International Airport.  The crew had misjudged the speed of the aircraft and the length of the runway.  As the plane pulled up sharply in an attempt to clear it, the rear end of the fuselage came down on the gantry.  The aircraft continued to take off and with the gantry stuck in its cargo area and with three of the hydraulic systems destroyed.  The jumbo jet circled the airport and made a safe landing—still with the gantry stuck through its cargo area and only one hydraulic system operational. On July 19, 1989, Capt. Al Hanes flew United Flight 232 with zero hydraulic to an emergency landing at Sioux City, Iowa airport.  The crew had limited control by using thrust modulation (symmetric thrust for pitch, differential thrust for yaw/roll). The aircraft eventually skidded of the runway and overturned in a field killing 110 of its 285 passengers and one of the 11 crew members. The third incidence involved the attempted shootdown of a DHL aircraft. On November 22, 2003, a missile took out portions of the left wing and collateral damage took out all the hydraulic systems. As in the case of the 1989 United Airlines Flight 232, the Captain could only use thrust to modify pitch, speed and altitude and vary throttles asymmetrically to control yaw and turn the aircraft. There were no casualties as the aircraft safely returned and landed at Baghdad International airport.

===Flight Capability Evaluation===

===Flight Capability Evaluation===

===Soviet Command response to Post- Detonation Flight===

===Soviet Command response to Post- Detonation Flight===

Contrary to what would have been expected to the Interceptor pilot's call, "Target destroyed", the Soviet command, from General on down indicated surprise and consternation at KAL 007's continued flight, and ability to regain its altitude and maneuver. This consternation continued through to KAL 007's subsequent level flight at altitude 16,424 ft. and then through its spiral descent over Moneron Island.

Contrary to what would have been expected to the Interceptor pilot's call, "Target destroyed", the Soviet command, from General on down indicated surprise and consternation at KAL 007's continued flight, and ability to regain its altitude and maneuver. This consternation continued through to KAL 007's subsequent level flight at altitude 16,424&nbsp;ft. and then through its spiral descent over Moneron Island.

'''18:28''': Lt. Col. Novoseletski: Well, what is happening, what is the matter, who guided him in, he locked on, why didn’t he shoot it down?  

'''18:28''': Lt. Col. Novoseletski: Well, what is happening, what is the matter, who guided him in, he locked on, why didn’t he shoot it down?  

Why don't you say anything?...Gerasimenko!...

Why don't you say anything?...Gerasimenko!...

'''18:33''': Gerasimenko: Gerasimenko. Altitude is 5,000 [16,424 ft.]. Kornukov: 5,000 already?  

'''18:33''': Gerasimenko: Gerasimenko. Altitude is 5,000 [16,424&nbsp;ft.]. Kornukov: 5,000 already?  

'''18:34''': Gerasimenko: Affirmative, turning left, right, apparently it is descending. Kornukov: Destroy it, use the 23 to destroy it, I said!

'''18:34''': Gerasimenko: Affirmative, turning left, right, apparently it is descending. Kornukov: Destroy it, use the 23 to destroy it, I said!

==Initial Safe landing Report==

==Initial Safe landing Report==

 

After Action Report MapRight after KAL 007 was reported missing, there was a report conveyed via phone by Orville Brockman, the Washington office spokesman of the Federal Aviation Administration to Tommy Toles, the press secretary of Cong. Larry McDonald. This report was that the FAA representative in Tokyo,. Dennis Wilhelm had been informed by a Mr. Tanaka of the Japanese Civil Aviation Bureau (Counter-part to the FAA) that "Japanese self-defense radar force confirms that the Hokkaido radar followed Air Korea to a landing in Soviet territory on the island of Sakhalinska S-a-k-h-a-l-i-n-s-k-a and it is confirmed by the manifest that Congressman McDonald is on board". This report would indicate that KAL 007 had made a 180 degree turn as it would have had to do so to land on Sakhalinsk Island after having already passed it (as it had been attacked in international waters just outside the 12 mile Soviet claimed territorial border west of Sakhalin), and it could, on the other hand indicate the eastern heading portion of KAL 007's spiral descent around 4 1/2NM by 3 1/2NM Moneron Island to a landing east of Moneron and West of Sakhalin (Moneron and Sakhalin islands are slightly less than 24 naut. miles from each other and the lines of their respective 12 mile territorial borders intersect - see Task Force 71 After Action Report map below). The statement "to a landing in Soviet territory on the island of Sakhalinska" under this view would describe a report by Japnese self-defense force, and possibly by its reporting radar station, which was inexact but rather to indicate the general area in this sector. The Hokkaido tapes are not in the public domain.

After Action Report MapRight after KAL 007 was reported missing, there was a report conveyed via phone by Orville Brockman, the Washington office spokesman of the Federal Aviation Administration to Tommy Toles, the press secretary of Cong. Larry McDonald. This report was that the FAA representative in Tokyo,. Dennis Wilhelm had been informed by a Mr. Tanaka of the Japanese Civil Aviation Bureau (Counter-part to the FAA) that "Japanese self-defense radar force confirms that the Hokkaido radar followed Air Korea to a landing in Soviet territory on the island of Sakhalinska S-a-k-h-a-l-i-n-s-k-a and it is confirmed by the manifest that Congressman McDonald is on board". This report would indicate that KAL 007 had made a 180 degree turn as it would have had to do so to land on Sakhalinsk Island after having already passed it (as it had been attacked in international waters just outside the 12 mile Soviet claimed territorial border west of Sakhalin), and it could, on the other hand indicate the eastern heading portion of KAL 007's spiral descent around 4 1/2NM by 3 1/2NM Moneron Island to a landing east of Moneron and West of Sakhalin (Moneron and Sakhalin islands are slightly less than 24 naut. miles from each other and the lines of their respective 12 mile territorial borders intersect - see Task Force 71 After Action Report map below). The statement "to a landing in Soviet territory on the island of Sakhalinska" under this view would describe a report by Japnese self-defense force, and possibly by its reporting radar station, which was inexact but rather to indicate the general area in this sector. The Hokkaido tapes are not in the public domain.

<li>18:34 GMT - Last recorded location of KAL 007 in spiral descent over Moneron Island is within Soviet territorial waters. ''"Where is it now", "It is in the Moneron area", "In our territory?", "Affirmative"'' (ICAO '93, Information Paper No.1, pg. 156)

<li>18:34 GMT - Last recorded location of KAL 007 in spiral descent over Moneron Island is within Soviet territorial waters. ''"Where is it now", "It is in the Moneron area", "In our territory?", "Affirmative"'' (ICAO '93, Information Paper No.1, pg. 156)

====Immediate Soviet mission to Moneron====  

====Immediate Soviet mission to Moneron====

Within minutes of the shootdown, two missions involving rescue helicopters, KGB patrol boats, and civilian ships were ordered by the Soviets to [[Moneron Island]] <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/rescue.htm</ref>.

Within minutes of the shootdown, two missions involving rescue helicopters, KGB patrol boats, and civilian ships were ordered by the Soviets to [[Moneron Island]].<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/rescue.htm</ref>

[[Image:Mi-8.jpg|Soviet Mi-8 Rescue Helicopter|right|thumb|200px]]

[[Image:Mi-8.jpg|Soviet Mi-8 Rescue Helicopter|right|thumb|200px]]

Moneron is an island just 4 1/2 miles long and 3 1/2 miles wide 24 miles due west of Sakhalin Island; the only land mass in the whole Tatar (Tsushima) straits. On its east side, its Soviet claimed 12 mile territorial boundary meets the west side of Sakhalin Island's 12 mile territorial boundary so that there is a contiguous 24 mile expansive of Soviet territory. It was in this area that reports coming to the Israeli Research Centre for Prisons, Psych-Prisons and Forced Labor Concentration Camps of the USSR indicated that KAL 007 had made a water ditching. And it was in this area that there was a southerly flowing current (West Sakhalin Convergent Current) to the Tsushima straits needed to explain the fact that some debris wound up on Hokkaido, Japan beaches ''south'' of Moneron. The Allied search operations were confined to ''international'' waters to the ''north'' of Moneron where the current of the Tsushima flows north rather than south.  

Moneron is an island just 4 1/2 miles long and 3 1/2 miles wide 24 miles due west of Sakhalin Island; the only land mass in the whole Tatar (Tsushima) straits. On its east side, its Soviet claimed 12 mile territorial boundary meets the west side of Sakhalin Island's 12 mile territorial boundary so that there is a contiguous 24 mile expansive of Soviet territory. It was in this area that reports coming to the Israeli Research Centre for Prisons, Psych-Prisons and Forced Labor Concentration Camps of the USSR indicated that KAL 007 had made a water ditching. And it was in this area that there was a southerly flowing current (West Sakhalin Convergent Current) to the Tsushima straits needed to explain the fact that some debris wound up on Hokkaido, Japan beaches ''south'' of Moneron. The Allied search operations were confined to ''international'' waters to the ''north'' of Moneron where the current of the Tsushima flows north rather than south.  

The U.S. Search and Rescue mission was prevented by the Soviets from entering their territorial water anywhere around Moneron.  Rear Admiral Walter T. Piotti (Photo [http://www.rescue007.org/docs/TheGreatRussianRuse.pdf]), Commander of Task Force 71 of U.S. 7th Fleet, stated in his After Action Report (Department of the Navy, Commander, Surface Combat Force Seventh Fleet. CTF75/N32:kpm,4730,Ser 011, 15 November,1983)

The U.S. Search and Rescue mission was prevented by the Soviets from entering their territorial water anywhere around Moneron.  Rear Admiral Walter T. Piotti (Photo [http://www.rescue007.org/docs/TheGreatRussianRuse.pdf]), Commander of Task Force 71 of U.S. 7th Fleet, stated in his After Action Report (Department of the Navy, Commander, Surface Combat Force Seventh Fleet. CTF75/N32:kpm,4730,Ser 011, 15 November 1983)

[[Image:Admiral_Piotti.jpg|Rear Admiral Walter T. Piotti Jr. Commander of Task Force 71 of 7th Fleet|left|thumb|150px]]  

[[Image:Admiral_Piotti.jpg|Rear Admiral Walter T. Piotti Jr. Commander of Task Force 71 of 7th Fleet|left|thumb|150px]]  

[[Image:Ship 2.jpg|The Georgi Kozmin. Released Navy Department, Logan Cleek, photographer |right |thumb|300px]]

[[Image:Ship 2.jpg|The Georgi Kozmin. Released Navy Department, Logan Cleek, photographer|right |thumb|300px]]

===The Deployment of the Soviet simulated search fleet===

===The Deployment of the Soviet simulated search fleet===

The '''Georgi Kozmin''' was the third ship but had been working before the two civilian manned ships. It had  two manned and two unmanned submersibles and its divers were all military. The Georgi Kozmin  had come from Soviet Gavan, the main naval port across the Tatar Straits from Sakhalin. It was understood by civilian Soviet divers that anomalies such as missing bodies and luggage, could have been caused by these military divers working before them. See the latest report (Oct. 1, 2000) from one of the divers who visited KAL 007 at the bottom shortly after the shootdown and who found no bodies and no luggage <ref>http://www.royfc.com/news/oct/0001oct01.html</ref>

The '''Georgi Kozmin''' was the third ship but had been working before the two civilian manned ships. It had  two manned and two unmanned submersibles and its divers were all military. The Georgi Kozmin  had come from Soviet Gavan, the main naval port across the Tatar Straits from Sakhalin. It was understood by civilian Soviet divers that anomalies such as missing bodies and luggage, could have been caused by these military divers working before them. See the latest report (Oct. 1, 2000) from one of the divers who visited KAL 007 at the bottom shortly after the shootdown and who found no bodies and no luggage <ref>http://www.royfc.com/news/oct/0001oct01.html</ref>

[[Image:Ship 3.jpg|Vanya Class minehunter. One of the 48 type vessels of Soviet "search" operations. Released, Navy Dept. Photographer Logan Cleek |right|thumb|300px]]

[[Image:Ship 3.jpg|Vanya Class minehunter. One of the 48 type vessels of Soviet "search" operations. Released, Navy Dept. Photographer Logan Cleek|right|thumb|300px]]

In the now unclassified “Surface Combatant Forces—7th Fleet Task Force 71 Flight 007 After-Action Report”, dated November 18, 1983, Commander Piotti would summarize the Soviets’ Search and Salvage operations:

In the now unclassified “Surface Combatant Forces—7th Fleet Task Force 71 Flight 007 After-Action Report”, dated November 18, 1983, Commander Piotti would summarize the Soviets’ Search and Salvage operations:

===The finds at Wakkanai and Hokkaido beaches===

===The finds at Wakkanai and Hokkaido beaches===

Eight days after the shootdown, human remains and debris from within an aircraft appeared on the north shore of Hokkaido, Japan.  Hokkaido began about 30 miles (48 km) below the southern tip of Sakhalin across the Soya Straits.  From the southern tip of Sakhalin was 35 miles (56 km) up  the west coast of Sakhalin to Moneron ). ICAO concluded that these objects were carried from Russian waters to the Japanese shores of Hokkaido by the southerly current west of Sakhalin Island. All other currents of the relevant east Tsushima straits, including the currents of international waters North of Moneron where the U.S. search operations were conducted, flow to the northward. This southerly current <ref>http://www.pices.int/publications/scientific_reports/Report12/kantakov_f.pdf</ref> between Moneron Island and Sakhalin Island could have been the way for debris to have arrived at Hokkaido, and this was the location for which  reports had come in to the Israeli research center indicating that KAL 007 had come down. .  

Eight days after the shootdown, human remains and debris from within an aircraft appeared on the north shore of Hokkaido, Japan.  Hokkaido began about 30 miles (48&nbsp;km) below the southern tip of Sakhalin across the Soya Straits.  From the southern tip of Sakhalin was 35 miles (56&nbsp;km) up  the west coast of Sakhalin to Moneron ). ICAO concluded that these objects were carried from Russian waters to the Japanese shores of Hokkaido by the southerly current west of Sakhalin Island. All other currents of the relevant east Tsushima straits, including the currents of international waters North of Moneron where the U.S. search operations were conducted, flow to the northward. This southerly current <ref>http://www.pices.int/publications/scientific_reports/Report12/kantakov_f.pdf</ref> between Moneron Island and Sakhalin Island could have been the way for debris to have arrived at Hokkaido, and this was the location for which  reports had come in to the Israeli research center indicating that KAL 007 had come down. .  

These human remains, including body parts, tissues, and two partial torsos, totaling 13 pieces in number. All were unidentifiable.  One partial torso was that of a Caucasian woman - indicated by auburn hair on a partial skull, and one partial body was of an Asian child (with glass imbedded (KAL 007: Cover-up, David Pearson, Summit Books, New York, 1987, Pg. 234) There was no luggage recovered. Of the non human remains that the Japanese recovered were various items including dentures, newspapers, seats, books, 8 "KAL" paper cups, shoes, sandals, and sneakers, a camera case, a "please fasten seat belt" sign, an oxygen mask, a handbag, a bottle of dish washing fluid, several blouses, an identity card belonging to 25 year old passenger Mary Jane Hendrie<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/mary_jane_hendrie.htm</ref> of Sault Ste. [[Image:Mary Jane Hendrie.jpg| Mary Jane Hendrie|right|thumb|200px]]Marie, Canada, and the business card of passenger Kathy Brown-Spier (KAL 007: Cover-up, David Pearson, Summit Books, New York, 1987, Pg. 235). All of the finds at Hokkaido contravened what happens at a catastrophic plane crash at sea - the diffusion of all debris:

These human remains, including body parts, tissues, and two partial torsos, totaling 13 pieces in number. All were unidentifiable.  One partial torso was that of a Caucasian woman - indicated by auburn hair on a partial skull, and one partial body was of an Asian child (with glass imbedded (KAL 007: Cover-up, David Pearson, Summit Books, New York, 1987, Pg. 234) There was no luggage recovered. Of the non human remains that the Japanese recovered were various items including dentures, newspapers, seats, books, 8 "KAL" paper cups, shoes, sandals, and sneakers, a camera case, a "please fasten seat belt" sign, an oxygen mask, a handbag, a bottle of dish washing fluid, several blouses, an identity card belonging to 25 year old passenger Mary Jane Hendrie<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/mary_jane_hendrie.htm</ref> of Sault Ste. [[Image:Mary Jane Hendrie.jpg| Mary Jane Hendrie|right|thumb|200px]]Marie, Canada, and the business card of passenger Kathy Brown-Spier (KAL 007: Cover-up, David Pearson, Summit Books, New York, 1987, Pg. 235). All of the finds at Hokkaido contravened what happens at a catastrophic plane crash at sea - the diffusion of all debris:

Family members of KAL 007 passengers would later state that these shoes were actually worn by their loved ones for the flight on that fateful night.  Sonia Munder had no difficulty recognizing the sneakers of her children, one of Christian age 14 and one of Lisi age 17 [http://www.rescue007.org/carasco.htm], by the intricate way her children laced them.  (Sonia confirmed to me personally that her children were wearing these shoes when they boarded the flight).  Another mother says, "I recognized them just like that.  You see, there are all kinds of inconspicuous marks which strangers do not notice.  This is how I recognized them.  My daughter loved to wear them."  And yet another mother, Nan Oldham, identified her son [http://www.princeton.edu/~paw/archive_old/PAW99-00/07-1215/1215feat.html#story1], John's sneakers from a photo in Life magazine of 55 of the 213 shoes -- apparently, a random array on display those first days at Chitose Air Force Base in Japan.  "We saw photos of his shoes in a magazine," says Nan, "We followed up through KAL and a few weeks later, a package arrived.  His shoes were inside: size 11 sneakers with cream white paint."  John Oldham had taken his seat in row 31 of KAL 007 wearing those cream white paint spattered sneakers.  He had just come from painting his suburban Washington, D.C., family home.  

Family members of KAL 007 passengers would later state that these shoes were actually worn by their loved ones for the flight on that fateful night.  Sonia Munder had no difficulty recognizing the sneakers of her children, one of Christian age 14 and one of Lisi age 17 [http://www.rescue007.org/carasco.htm], by the intricate way her children laced them.  (Sonia confirmed to me personally that her children were wearing these shoes when they boarded the flight).  Another mother says, "I recognized them just like that.  You see, there are all kinds of inconspicuous marks which strangers do not notice.  This is how I recognized them.  My daughter loved to wear them."  And yet another mother, Nan Oldham, identified her son [http://www.princeton.edu/~paw/archive_old/PAW99-00/07-1215/1215feat.html#story1], John's sneakers from a photo in Life magazine of 55 of the 213 shoes—apparently, a random array on display those first days at Chitose Air Force Base in Japan.  "We saw photos of his shoes in a magazine," says Nan, "We followed up through KAL and a few weeks later, a package arrived.  His shoes were inside: size 11 sneakers with cream white paint."  John Oldham had taken his seat in row 31 of KAL 007 wearing those cream white paint spattered sneakers.  He had just come from painting his suburban Washington, D.C., family home.  

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'''Diver Viyacheslav Popov''': "As we learned then, before us the trawlers had done some ‘work’ in the designated quadrant. It is hard to understand what sense the military saw in the trawling operation. First drag everything haphazardly around the bottom by the trawls, and then send in the submersibles?...It is clear that things should have been done in the reverse order.”<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/docs/TheGreatRussianRuse.pdf]- pgs 10,11.</ref>

'''Diver Viyacheslav Popov''': "As we learned then, before us the trawlers had done some ‘work’ in the designated quadrant. It is hard to understand what sense the military saw in the trawling operation. First drag everything haphazardly around the bottom by the trawls, and then send in the submersibles?...It is clear that things should have been done in the reverse order.”<ref>[http://www.rescue007.org/docs/TheGreatRussianRuse.pdf]- pgs 10,11.</ref>

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(''From Top Secret Memos disclosed in 1992 by Boris Yeltsin and published in Izvestia, #228, Oct. 16, 1992.'', Cited in Christopher Andrew, "KGB Foreign Intelligence from Brezhnev to the Coup," Intelligence and National Security, vol. 8, no. 3 (July 1993), p. 60." and by Benjamin B. Fischer,Center for the Study of Intelligence (CIA), ''A Cold War Conundrum'', 1997)

(''From Top Secret Memos disclosed in 1992 by Boris Yeltsin and published in Izvestia, #228, Oct. 16, 1992.'', Cited in Christopher Andrew, "KGB Foreign Intelligence from Brezhnev to the Coup," Intelligence and National Security, vol. 8, no. 3 (July 1993), p.&nbsp;60." and by Benjamin B. Fischer,Center for the Study of Intelligence (CIA), ''A Cold War Conundrum'', 1997)

===The Russians caught in their lie===

===The Russians caught in their lie===

===The Soviet Black Box Deception II:  The Black Box itself===

===The Soviet Black Box Deception II:  The Black Box itself===

The Soviets handed over only one minute and 44 seconds of the Black Box tapes. Both the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Digital Flight Data Recorder tapes which should have continued functioning until the end of the flight, whether by termination of the flight or by a crash, had  "ceased simultaneously" (ICAO '93, 1.14.3.10.13). ICAO analysis of the Russian Federation supplied Black Box itself concluded that the damage to it "might have resulted from a high speed water impact" (1.14.3.4.2).  But the conjectured "high speed water impact" would have been at or after the documented 12 minutes post attack flight, and not at one minute and 44 seconds after missile detonation. The possible "high speed water impact" can not explain, then, the fact that the tapes ceased at 1 minute and 44 seconds. The rest of the tapes would have documented what the Soviet high command saw on their screens, as shown by the Soviet military communications handed to ICAO by the Russian Federation - KAL 007 regaining control, maintaining level flight at 16, 242 ft, turning, and descending in a spiral around Moneron Island.  Why had the rest of the tapes not been returned by the Soviets and where are they now?

The Soviets handed over only one minute and 44 seconds of the Black Box tapes. Both the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Digital Flight Data Recorder tapes which should have continued functioning until the end of the flight, whether by termination of the flight or by a crash, had  "ceased simultaneously" (ICAO '93, 1.14.3.10.13). ICAO analysis of the Russian Federation supplied Black Box itself concluded that the damage to it "might have resulted from a high speed water impact" (1.14.3.4.2).  But the conjectured "high speed water impact" would have been at or after the documented 12 minutes post attack flight, and not at one minute and 44 seconds after missile detonation. The possible "high speed water impact" can not explain, then, the fact that the tapes ceased at 1 minute and 44 seconds. The rest of the tapes would have documented what the Soviet high command saw on their screens, as shown by the Soviet military communications handed to ICAO by the Russian Federation - KAL 007 regaining control, maintaining level flight at 16, 242&nbsp;ft, turning, and descending in a spiral around Moneron Island.  Why had the rest of the tapes not been returned by the Soviets and where are they now?

There are credible but as yet unconfirmed reports of survivors in the former Soviet Union, including Congressman Larry McDonald <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#10</ref> <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/survivors_of_kal_007.htm</ref>. Jewish immigrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union reported seeing survivors from the flight.  According to reports, most of the adult passengers ended up in labor camps, while the children were adopted out and absorbed into Soviet society.  Congressman McDonald was interrogated in Lubyanka Prison in Moscow for a time before he too was sent to forced labor. [[Image:McDonald- Computer Aged.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Computer aged picture of McDonald till 1995 shown to wardens of Temir Tau, Kazakhstan prison where they identified McDonald as having been a former "probable prisoner". Note the scar running from the left nostril to corner of mouth. For subsequent tracking of McDonald, see [http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#10]]]

There are credible but as yet unconfirmed reports of survivors in the former Soviet Union, including Congressman Larry McDonald.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#10</ref><ref>http://www.rescue007.org/survivors_of_kal_007.htm</ref>  Jewish immigrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union reported seeing survivors from the flight.  According to reports, most of the adult passengers ended up in labor camps, while the children were adopted out and absorbed into Soviet society.  Congressman McDonald was interrogated in Lubyanka Prison in Moscow for a time before he too was sent to forced labor. [[Image:McDonald- Computer Aged.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Computer aged picture of McDonald till 1995 shown to wardens of Temir Tau, Kazakhstan prison where they identified McDonald as having been a former "probable prisoner". Note the scar running from the left nostril to corner of mouth. For subsequent tracking of McDonald, see [http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#10]]]

==Senator Jesse Helms and the POW and KAL 007 Connection==

==Senator Jesse Helms and the POW and KAL 007 Connection==

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Senator Helms' letter to Yeltsin was prompted, according to the Chief of Staff under Helms for the Minority Staff of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Rear Admiral Bud Nance, by the information from Israel, apparently verified by the CIA, concerning KAL 007[http://www.rescue007.org/nance_letter.htm]

Senator Helms' letter to Yeltsin was prompted, according to the Chief of Staff under Helms for the Minority Staff of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Rear Admiral Bud Nance, by the information from Israel, apparently verified by the CIA, concerning KAL 007 [http://www.rescue007.org/nance_letter.htm]

Senator Helms, along with Senator Steven Symms of Idaho and Congressman Carroll Hubbard Jr. of Kentucky, had traveled on KAL 015 fifteen minutes behind KAL 007, and had stopped at Anchorage airport, as did Larry McDonald on KAL 007, and had gotten off KAL 015. McDonald did not get off. Reports indicate that Helms had contemplated changing to KAL 007 to be with him but decided against it. That near miss must have stayed with him as the outcome of the flight became apparent as KAL 015 arrived at Seoul Airport and KAL 007 did not. As he attended the 30th Year celebration of the U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty - and Larry Mcdonald did not. As the reports from Israel of survivors would come to his office 8 years later. As he would write to Yeltsin. As Yeltsin would comply with all the requests that Helms had made of him - excepting the fate of the passengers and crew, and especially, the sought after information about Larry McDonald.  

Senator Helms, along with Senator Steven Symms of Idaho and Congressman Carroll Hubbard Jr. of Kentucky, had traveled on KAL 015 fifteen minutes behind KAL 007, and had stopped at Anchorage airport, as did Larry McDonald on KAL 007, and had gotten off KAL 015. McDonald did not get off. Reports indicate that Helms had contemplated changing to KAL 007 to be with him but decided against it. That near miss must have stayed with him as the outcome of the flight became apparent as KAL 015 arrived at Seoul Airport and KAL 007 did not. As he attended the 30th Year celebration of the U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty - and Larry Mcdonald did not. As the reports from Israel of survivors would come to his office 8 years later. As he would write to Yeltsin. As Yeltsin would comply with all the requests that Helms had made of him - excepting the fate of the passengers and crew, and especially, the sought after information about Larry McDonald.  

One thing Helms could not forget and would speak of often, and mention in his letter to Boris Yeltsin, was a meeting at Anchorage airport while both KAL 007 and KAL 015 were taking on fuel for the next leg of the trip, a meeting that he had with two child passengers, Noel Anne Grenfell, aged 5, and her sister Stacy Marie, aged 3 <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/grenfells.htm</ref>.

One thing Helms could not forget and would speak of often, and mention in his letter to Boris Yeltsin, was a meeting at Anchorage airport while both KAL 007 and KAL 015 were taking on fuel for the next leg of the trip, a meeting that he had with two child passengers, Noel Anne Grenfell, aged 5, and her sister Stacy Marie, aged 3.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/grenfells.htm</ref>

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'''General Kamensky''' was the Commander of the Soviet Far East Air Defence forces and would have informed both  

'''General Kamensky''' was the Commander of the Soviet Far East Air Defence forces and would have informed both  

'''General Ivan Moseivich Tretyak''' <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/rescue.htm</ref> his direct superior and Commander of the Soviet Far East Military District as his direct commander, and informed the Commander-in Chief of Air Defense Forces at the National Command Center in Kalinin. This was '''Gen. Alexandr Koldunov'''. (Maj. Victor Belenko, who served in one of the units that brought 007 down, but who had defected to Japan in his MiG 25 in 1976, says that at the first intrusion of KAL 007 over Kamchatka, Gen. Kamensky would already have informed his superior at the National Command Center at Kalinin and the intruder would have been tracked on the screen there until it had left Soviet territory}.  

'''General Ivan Moseivich Tretyak''' <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/rescue.htm</ref> his direct superior and Commander of the Soviet Far East Military District as his direct commander, and informed the Commander-in Chief of Air Defense Forces at the National Command Center in Kalinin. This was '''Gen. Alexandr Koldunov'''. (Maj. Victor Belenko, who served in one of the units that brought 007 down, but who had defected to Japan in his MiG 25 in 1976, says that at the first intrusion of KAL 007 over Kamchatka, Gen. Kamensky would already have informed his superior at the National Command Center at Kalinin and the intruder would have been tracked on the screen there until it had left Soviet territory).  

As this was an emergency, the Commander in Chief of Soviet Air Forces (VVS), '''Chief Marshal of Aviation Pavel Kutakhov''' would have been informed.

As this was an emergency, the Commander in Chief of Soviet Air Forces (VVS), '''Chief Marshal of Aviation Pavel Kutakhov''' would have been informed.

*On December 10, 1992 Senator Jesse Helms wrote to Russian president [[Boris Yeltsin]].  

*On December 10, 1992 Senator Jesse Helms wrote to Russian president [[Boris Yeltsin]].  

"One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War," he wrote, "was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines Flight 007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. . . The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War. However, now that relations between our two nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event. Clearing the air on this issue could help further to improve relations<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/helms_letter.htm</ref>." At about the same time a military memo boasting of the secret would make its way into Yeltsin's hands, leading to the discovery of the black boxes as well as the top secret reports about them by the Soviet Defense Ministry.  Yeltsin would ultimately respond on January 8, 1993 by handing over to the International Civil Aviation Organization what the Russians had for so many years denied possessing: the tapes of the KAL 007's "Black Box" (its Digital Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder). <ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20010919141246/www.insightmag.com/archive/200104171.shtml</ref> <ref>http://www.jamesoberg.com/russian/kal007.html</ref>

"One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War," he wrote, "was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines Flight 007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. . . The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War. However, now that relations between our two nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event. Clearing the air on this issue could help further to improve relations.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/helms_letter.htm</ref>" At about the same time a military memo boasting of the secret would make its way into Yeltsin's hands, leading to the discovery of the black boxes as well as the top secret reports about them by the Soviet Defense Ministry.  Yeltsin would ultimately respond on January 8, 1993 by handing over to the International Civil Aviation Organization what the Russians had for so many years denied possessing: the tapes of the KAL 007's "Black Box" (its Digital Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder).<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20010919141246/www.insightmag.com/archive/200104171.shtml</ref><ref>http://www.jamesoberg.com/russian/kal007.html</ref>

*Previous to the shootdown, the Reagan Administration was far from assured that the Administration supported NATO deployment of Cruise and Pershing II missiles in West Germany, just 6-10 minutes flight to Moscow, would go through. After the shootdown, deployment was assured and remained in effect until the accords with Mikhail Gorbachev allowed for their withdrawal. The shootdown can thus be seen as one of the main incidences leading to the confrontational Reagan policy in the "Second Cold War" which played its part in the backdown and demise of the Soviet Union.  

*Previous to the shootdown, the Reagan Administration was far from assured that the Administration supported NATO deployment of Cruise and Pershing II missiles in West Germany, just 6–10 minutes flight to Moscow, would go through. After the shootdown, deployment was assured and remained in effect until the accords with Mikhail Gorbachev allowed for their withdrawal. The shootdown can thus be seen as one of the main incidences leading to the confrontational Reagan policy in the "Second Cold War" which played its part in the backdown and demise of the Soviet Union.  

*As a result of the perceived cause of KAL 007's flight deviation ([[Inertial Navigation System]]), President Reagan authorized the hitherto strictly military use of the [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) for civilian use. The GPS is now used extensively for civilian passenger flights and for vehicular land travel.  

*As a result of the perceived cause of KAL 007's flight deviation ([[Inertial Navigation System]]), President Reagan authorized the hitherto strictly military use of the [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) for civilian use. The GPS is now used extensively for civilian passenger flights and for vehicular land travel.  

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

*Solovev, Vladimir, and Klepikove, Elena. ''Behind the High Kremlin Walls'', Dodd Mead, New York (1986). ISBN-10: 0396087108 [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0396087108/gemotrack11-20/ref=nosim]

*Solovev, Vladimir, and Klepikove, Elena. ''Behind the High Kremlin Walls'', Dodd Mead, New York (1986). ISBN 0396087108 [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0396087108/gemotrack11-20/ref=nosim]

*Dallin, Alexander. ''Black Box: KAL 007 and the Superpowers'', University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (1985)

*Dallin, Alexander. ''Black Box: KAL 007 and the Superpowers'', University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (1985)

*Hersh, Seymour M.  ''The Target is Destroyed'', Vintage, New York (1987)  

*Hersh, Seymour M.  ''The Target is Destroyed'', Vintage, New York (1987)  

*[http://www.rescue007.org/docs/CIAReport.pdf "CIA" report, suggesting the plane did not crash and the survivors were interned]

*[http://www.rescue007.org/docs/CIAReport.pdf "CIA" report, suggesting the plane did not crash and the survivors were interned]

==See Also==

==See also==

*[[The KAL 007 related Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]]

*[[The KAL 007 related Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]]

*[[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]]

*[[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]]

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

==External Links==

==External links==

*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/2012/11/lawrence-patton-mcdonald-b_15.html A Forgotten Man: Congressman Larry McDonald]

*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/2012/11/lawrence-patton-mcdonald-b_15.html A Forgotten Man: Congressman Larry McDonald]

*[http://www.jamesoberg.com/russian/kal007.html "KAL 007: The Real Story", article by James Oberg, ''American Spectator'' Magazine, October 1993]

*[http://www.jamesoberg.com/russian/kal007.html "KAL 007: The Real Story", article by James Oberg, ''American Spectator'' Magazine, October 1993]

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