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Students for a Democratic Society (view source)
Revision as of 06:46, June 27, 2016
, 06:46, June 27, 2016clean up & uniformity
[[File:Sdsorgchart.JPG|thumb|475px|right|Organizational chart of the SDS prepared for Congressional Investigators by the FBI.]]
[[File:Sdsorgchart.JPG|thumb|475px|right|Organizational chart of the SDS prepared for Congressional Investigators by the FBI.]]
'''Students for a Democratic Society''' ('''SDS''') was an organization of socialist student activists and was one of the main early groups representing the [[New Left]]. Its principles were elaborated by [[Tom Hayden]] in the [[Port Huron Statement]] of 1962, which adopted the position of "anti-anti-Communism," refusing to support the West in the [[Cold War]].<ref> [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 SDS, Discoverthenetworks.org]</ref> What began as a movement to involve the largest possible number of American students in the democratic processes had become by 1969, as a contemporaneous FBI memo summarizes, "an organization totally dedicated to the destruction of American society...In the span of seven years, the SDS had evolved into a hard line Marxist-Leninist-Maoist organization dedicated to the destruction of Western democratic traditions and ideals."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath1b.pdf ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought''], Page 56 in original (p. 19 pdf).</ref>
'''Students for a Democratic Society''' ('''SDS''') was an organization of socialist student activists and was one of the main early groups representing the [[New Left]]. Its principles were elaborated by [[Tom Hayden]] in the [[Port Huron Statement]] of 1962, which adopted the position of "anti-anti-Communism," refusing to support the West in the [[Cold War]].<ref>[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 SDS, Discoverthenetworks.org]</ref> What began as a movement to involve the largest possible number of American students in the democratic processes had become by 1969, as a contemporaneous FBI memo summarizes, "an organization totally dedicated to the destruction of American society...In the span of seven years, the SDS had evolved into a hard line Marxist-Leninist-Maoist organization dedicated to the destruction of Western democratic traditions and ideals."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath1b.pdf ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought''], Page 56 in original (p. 19 pdf).</ref>
Several prominent SDS members organized [[Progressives for Obama]] in March of 2008. Among the organizers are [[Carl Davidson]], [[Mark Rudd]], and [[Todd Gitlin]]; while several Klonsky family members are represented, [[Mike Klonsky]] is conspicuously absent from the signers. <ref>[http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080407/hayden_et_al/print Progressives for Obama], By Tom Hayden, Bill Fletcher Jr., Danny Glover & Barbara Ehrenreich, ''The Nation'', March 24, 2008.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Page 58 in original (p. 21 pdf).</ref>
Several prominent SDS members organized [[Progressives for Obama]] in March 2008. Among the organizers are [[Carl Davidson]], [[Mark Rudd]], and [[Todd Gitlin]]; while several Klonsky family members are represented, [[Mike Klonsky]] is conspicuously absent from the signers.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080407/hayden_et_al/print Progressives for Obama], By Tom Hayden, Bill Fletcher Jr., Danny Glover & Barbara Ehrenreich, ''The Nation'', March 24, 2008.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Page 58 in original (p. 21 pdf).</ref>
__TOC__
__TOC__
==Key Highlights==
==Key Highlights==
*Many key SDS members were "red-diaper babies," children of parents who were [[Communist Party]] members or Communist activists in the 1930s. In 1966, when President [[Lyndon Johnson]] abolished student draft deferments, some 300 new SDS chapters were formed. Among the organization's activities were: disrupting ROTC classes, staging draft card burnings, and harassing campus recruiters for the [[CIA]] and for firms that conducted research tied in some way to national defense. SDS also occupied buildings at universities such as Columbia and destroyed draft records.
*Many key SDS members were "red-diaper babies," children of parents who were [[Communist Party]] members or Communist activists in the 1930s. In 1966, when President [[Lyndon Johnson]] abolished student draft deferments, some 300 new SDS chapters were formed. Among the organization's activities were: disrupting ROTC classes, staging draft card burnings, and harassing campus recruiters for the [[CIA]] and for firms that conducted research tied in some way to national defense. SDS also occupied buildings at universities such as Columbia and destroyed draft records.
*At the 1968 [[Democrat]]ic Convention in Chicago, SDS protesters, organized by Tom Hayden, created a riot in order to destroy the electoral chances of the pro-war [[liberal]] [[Hubert Humphrey]], and thereby set the stage for a confrontation with the [[Richard Nixon|Nixon Administration]] over the [[Vietnam War]]. Hayden and his cohorts -- including [[Jerry Rubin]], [[Abby Hoffman]] and [[Black Panther]] [[Bobby Seale]] -- were arrested and indicted for crossing state lines to incite a riot. They became known as [[Chicago Seven Trial|The Chicago Seven]]. In a celebrated trial (whose guilty verdict was subsequently overturned on a technicality), they were given token sentences.
*At the 1968 [[Democrat]]ic Convention in Chicago, SDS protesters, organized by Tom Hayden, created a riot in order to destroy the electoral chances of the pro-war [[liberal]] [[Hubert Humphrey]], and thereby set the stage for a confrontation with the [[Richard Nixon|Nixon Administration]] over the [[Vietnam War]]. Hayden and his cohorts—including [[Jerry Rubin]], [[Abby Hoffman]] and [[Black Panther]] [[Bobby Seale]]—were arrested and indicted for crossing state lines to incite a riot. They became known as [[Chicago Seven Trial|The Chicago Seven]]. In a celebrated trial (whose guilty verdict was subsequently overturned on a technicality), they were given token sentences.
*In 1969 SDS began imploding into factions. One of them, a group calling itself Weatherman, was elected to SDS leadership and proclaimed that the time had come to launch a race war on behalf of the Third World and against the United States. The new entity dissolved SDS and formed a terrorist cult in its place, which was given the name [[Weather Underground]]. [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723]
*In 1969 SDS began imploding into factions. One of them, a group calling itself Weatherman, was elected to SDS leadership and proclaimed that the time had come to launch a race war on behalf of the Third World and against the United States. The new entity dissolved SDS and formed a terrorist cult in its place, which was given the name [[Weather Underground]]. [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723]
==History==
==History==
At the time, SDS was not a newly formed group but rather the renaming of a group that was already together. The idea to rename the group was put forth by [[Aryeh Neier]], who was Director of the group under its prior name, the [[League for Industrial Democracy#Student League for Industrial Democracy|Student League for Industrial Democracy]]<ref>[http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/2000w09/msg00138.htm The birth of the "New Left"?], email discussion March 2000.</ref>.
At the time, SDS was not a newly formed group but rather the renaming of a group that was already together. The idea to rename the group was put forth by [[Aryeh Neier]], who was Director of the group under its prior name, the [[League for Industrial Democracy#Student League for Industrial Democracy|Student League for Industrial Democracy]].<ref>[http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/2000w09/msg00138.htm The birth of the "New Left"?], email discussion March 2000.</ref>
Other founding members include [[Tom Hayden]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2012/4/13/sds_founder_veteran_activist_tom_hayden |title=SDS Founder, Veteran Activist Tom Hayden on Participatory Democracy from Port Huron to Occupy Wall Street |work=Democracy Now |date=April 13, 2012 }}</ref>, and [[Alan Haber]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/sds-founder-hopes-new-revival-campus |title=SDS founder hopes for new revival on campus |work=Michigan Daily |date=February 11, 2004 }}</ref>.
Other founding members include [[Tom Hayden]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2012/4/13/sds_founder_veteran_activist_tom_hayden |title=SDS Founder, Veteran Activist Tom Hayden on Participatory Democracy from Port Huron to Occupy Wall Street |work=Democracy Now |date=April 13, 2012 }}</ref> and [[Alan Haber]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/sds-founder-hopes-new-revival-campus |title=SDS founder hopes for new revival on campus |work=Michigan Daily |date=February 11, 2004 }}</ref>
==Factions==
==Factions==
SDS member [[Carl Davidson]] again visited Cuba in March. He and others had a three hour discussion with [[Fidel Castro]], and reportedly met with representatives of North Korea, North Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. During the militant Labor Forum, held in April, Davidson reported on his meeting with Castro, stating that Castro now believed that a socialist revolution was possible in the United States. Davidson later was to become active in [[Progressives for Obama]].
SDS member [[Carl Davidson]] again visited Cuba in March. He and others had a three hour discussion with [[Fidel Castro]], and reportedly met with representatives of North Korea, North Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. During the militant Labor Forum, held in April, Davidson reported on his meeting with Castro, stating that Castro now believed that a socialist revolution was possible in the United States. Davidson later was to become active in [[Progressives for Obama]].
During April, SDS activist [[Steven Halliwell]] visited North Vietnam; [[Ken Cloke]]<ref>In 1967, while CPUSA veteran Victor Rabinowitz served as the [[National Lawyers Guild]] (NLG) national president, Ken Cloke was hired as NLG national executive secretary at the sametime Bernardine Dohrn was hired as national student organizer. [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/NLGWU2.pdf]</ref> later to become a Weatherman and Revolutionary Union (RU)<ref>The Revolutionary Union (RU), later to become the Revolutionary Communist Party (PCP), was a "Maoist offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society which sought a [[united front]] with other left-wing groups and had been infiltrating [[VVAW]] chapters around the country." [http://www.archive-news.net/Articles/FD041012.html Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar Movement’s Communist Connections,] October 12, 2004. Retrieved from archive-news.net, March 2, 2010. The Revolutionary Union was an affiliate sponsor of Vietnam Veterans Against the War-Winter Soldier Organization demonstrations. FBI Memo, “Demonstration Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization (VVAW/WSO) at Washington, D.C., July 1-4, 1974,” FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 63, FBI HQ 100-448092 [http://web.archive.org/web/20061020164422/ice.he.net/~freepnet/fbifiles/100-HQ-448092/Section+63/Section+63.pdf Section 63, pp. 72-74] (pdf). Full index online at [http://web.archive.org/web/20070208160606/http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI www.wintersolider.com,]</ref> member also met with a North Vietnamese delegation during this time in [[Sweden]].
During April, SDS activist [[Steven Halliwell]] visited North Vietnam; [[Ken Cloke]]<ref>In 1967, while CPUSA veteran Victor Rabinowitz served as the [[National Lawyers Guild]] (NLG) national president, Ken Cloke was hired as NLG national executive secretary at the sametime Bernardine Dohrn was hired as national student organizer. [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/NLGWU2.pdf]</ref> later to become a Weatherman and Revolutionary Union (RU)<ref>The Revolutionary Union (RU), later to become the Revolutionary Communist Party (PCP), was a "Maoist offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society which sought a [[united front]] with other left-wing groups and had been infiltrating [[VVAW]] chapters around the country." [http://www.archive-news.net/Articles/FD041012.html Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar Movement’s Communist Connections,] October 12, 2004. Retrieved from archive-news.net, March 2, 2010. The Revolutionary Union was an affiliate sponsor of Vietnam Veterans Against the War-Winter Soldier Organization demonstrations. FBI Memo, “Demonstration Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization (VVAW/WSO) at Washington, D.C., July 1–4, 1974,” FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 63, FBI HQ 100-448092 [http://web.archive.org/web/20061020164422/ice.he.net/~freepnet/fbifiles/100-HQ-448092/Section+63/Section+63.pdf Section 63, pp. 72-74] (pdf). Full index online at [http://web.archive.org/web/20070208160606/http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI www.wintersolider.com,]</ref> member also met with a North Vietnamese delegation during this time in [[Sweden]].
At the 1968 June SDS National Convention meeting it was decided that SDS should align itself with students from other countries. The convention adopted resolutions of solidarity with the students of [[Germany]] and [[France]] and with the Iranian Student Association. The resolution dealing with [[Iran]] stated in part:
At the 1968 June SDS National Convention meeting it was decided that SDS should align itself with students from other countries. The convention adopted resolutions of solidarity with the students of [[Germany]] and [[France]] and with the Iranian Student Association. The resolution dealing with [[Iran]] stated in part:
==Maoist influence at the June 1969 SDS National Convention==
==Maoist influence at the June 1969 SDS National Convention==
The following year all factions present at the SDS National Convention held in Chicago on June 18-22, 1969 adhered to the general over-all line of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and the Chinese world view that attributed the source of global conflict from tension between the colonial and former colonial peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand, and the forces of imperialism led by the United States on the other. The unfolding of the conflict between the [[national liberation movement]] of the [[Viet Cong]] and "forces of United States imperialism" and its "puppet regime in [[Saigon]]" would provide an example for peoples of the Third World to unite in the defeat of US imperialism and the establishment of a "world socialist order."
The following year all factions present at the SDS National Convention held in Chicago on June 18–22, 1969 adhered to the general over-all line of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and the Chinese world view that attributed the source of global conflict from tension between the colonial and former colonial peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand, and the forces of imperialism led by the United States on the other. The unfolding of the conflict between the [[national liberation movement]] of the [[Viet Cong]] and "forces of United States imperialism" and its "puppet regime in [[Saigon]]" would provide an example for peoples of the Third World to unite in the defeat of US imperialism and the establishment of a "world socialist order."
This contrasted sharply with the traditional orthodox view of [[Moscow]] which relied heavily on a dialectical "force of history" that would inevitably bring about the "objective conditions" necessary for a proletarian revolution to succeed. Traditional Soviet theoreticians regarded any concept that skipped stages of historic development as dangerous and "counter revolutionary."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Pages 56-57 in original (pp. 19-20 pdf).</ref>
This contrasted sharply with the traditional orthodox view of [[Moscow]] which relied heavily on a dialectical "force of history" that would inevitably bring about the "objective conditions" necessary for a proletarian revolution to succeed. Traditional Soviet theoreticians regarded any concept that skipped stages of historic development as dangerous and "counter revolutionary."<ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section I. Ideology D. ''Influence of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought'', Pages 56-57 in original (pp. 19-20 pdf).</ref>
Other prominent members of SDS were [[Linda Evans]] and [[Dianna Oughton]] who served along with [[Bill Ayers]] on the Ann Arbor Michigan Regional Staff. Evans traveled to [[North Vietnam]] in August 1969 and was involved in the [[John Brown Anti-Klan Committee]] which bombed the [[U.S. Capitol building]] in 1983<ref>[http://nobsopus.blogspot.com/1983/11/armed-resistance-unit-bombs-us-capitol.html "Armed Resistance Unit Bombs US Capitol"], ''Death to the Klan'', Winter, 1984, No.3.</ref> and the [[May 19th Communist Organization]].<ref>John George and Laird Wilcox, ''Nazis, Communists, Klansmen and Others on the Fringe'', Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992, pg. 158.</ref> Evans was convicted for her role in the holdup of a Brinks armored truck in Nyack, NY, in November 1981 that resulted in the murder of two policemen and a security guard and was later among several terrorists whose sentences were commuted by President [[Bill Clinton]]. Dianna Oughton traveled with Dohrn to Cuba in July 1969 to meet with Cuban and North Vietnamese officials and in 1970 was killed when an underground terrorist bomb factory accidentally blew up.<ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/brinks/1.html truTV - Crime Library: Terrorists, The Weather Underground & Black Liberation Army]</ref>
Other prominent members of SDS were [[Linda Evans]] and [[Dianna Oughton]] who served along with [[Bill Ayers]] on the Ann Arbor Michigan Regional Staff. Evans traveled to [[North Vietnam]] in August 1969 and was involved in the [[John Brown Anti-Klan Committee]] which bombed the [[U.S. Capitol building]] in 1983<ref>[http://nobsopus.blogspot.com/1983/11/armed-resistance-unit-bombs-us-capitol.html "Armed Resistance Unit Bombs US Capitol"], ''Death to the Klan'', Winter, 1984, No.3.</ref> and the [[May 19th Communist Organization]].<ref>John George and Laird Wilcox, ''Nazis, Communists, Klansmen and Others on the Fringe'', Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992, pg. 158.</ref> Evans was convicted for her role in the holdup of a Brinks armored truck in Nyack, NY, in November 1981 that resulted in the murder of two policemen and a security guard and was later among several terrorists whose sentences were commuted by President [[Bill Clinton]]. Dianna Oughton traveled with Dohrn to Cuba in July 1969 to meet with Cuban and North Vietnamese officials and in 1970 was killed when an underground terrorist bomb factory accidentally blew up.<ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/brinks/1.html truTV - Crime Library: Terrorists, The Weather Underground & Black Liberation Army]</ref>
[[Kathy Boudin]],<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Kathy+Boudin Kathy Boudin]. Retrieved from Everything2.com February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Judy Clark]],<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SD2TvqDh8EkC&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Judy+Clark%2BSDS&source=bl&ots=aPO-rfFbIF&sig=y0abOaa1IgWM1RJ58e05awZLBNU&hl=en&ei=4wZ-S9qIMI7-tQPPoNn8Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Judy%20Clark%2BSDS&f=false ''The way the wind blew: a history of the Weather Underground''] By Ron Jacobs. googlebooks. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> [[David Gilbert]],<ref>[http://www.prisonactivist.org/archive/pps+pows/davidgilbert/sds-wuo.html ''SDS/WUO: Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground''], David Gilbert. Retrieved from the Prison Activist Resource Center website, February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Cathy Wilkerson]],<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF0u2bykMlg Weather Underground Member Cathy Wilkerson], Youtube. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6914 ''“Let’s Have a Meeting:” Cathy Wilkerson on SDS Organizing''], Interviewed by Ron Grele 2/17/85, Columbia University Oral History Collection.</ref> [[Terry Robbins]],<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/nyregion/14about.html?pagewanted=print ''An Infamous Explosion, and the Smoldering Memory of Radicalism''], Jim Dwyer, ''[[New York Times]]'', November 14, 2007.</ref> and [[Ted Gold]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3Aaudio%20AND%20collection%3Apacifica_radio_archives%20AND%20subject%3A%22Kanter%22 Pacifica Radio Archives]available at the Internet Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> were also prominent organizers. Robbins and Gold were killed in the bomb factory blast, Wilkerson and Boudin survived. Wilkerson, along with Dohrn, was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List and later convicted of illegal possession of dynamite. Her father owned the building in which the blast occurred. Robbins was Ayers girlfriend at the time she was killed.<ref>Ron Radosh, [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2008/11/06/shame-on-the-new-yorker/ ''Shame on The New Yorker'']. November 6th, 2008. Retrieved from Pajamasmedia,com, February 20, 2010.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section IV. Individuals. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf Page 215 in original (p. 30 pdf).]</ref> Judy Clark was convicted of three counts of felony murder and sentenced to 75 years to life for her role in the Brinks armored truck robbery.<ref>[http://www.judithclark.org/about.functions.php?view=about#7 About Judith Clark's Case & Appeal]. Retrieved from judithclark.org, February 20, 2010.</ref>
[[Kathy Boudin]],<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Kathy+Boudin Kathy Boudin]. Retrieved from Everything2.com February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Judy Clark]],<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SD2TvqDh8EkC&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Judy+Clark%2BSDS&source=bl&ots=aPO-rfFbIF&sig=y0abOaa1IgWM1RJ58e05awZLBNU&hl=en&ei=4wZ-S9qIMI7-tQPPoNn8Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Judy%20Clark%2BSDS&f=false ''The way the wind blew: a history of the Weather Underground''] By Ron Jacobs. googlebooks. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> [[David Gilbert]],<ref>[http://www.prisonactivist.org/archive/pps+pows/davidgilbert/sds-wuo.html ''SDS/WUO: Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground''], David Gilbert. Retrieved from the Prison Activist Resource Center website, February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Cathy Wilkerson]],<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF0u2bykMlg Weather Underground Member Cathy Wilkerson], Youtube. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6914 ''“Let’s Have a Meeting:” Cathy Wilkerson on SDS Organizing''], Interviewed by Ron Grele 2/17/85, Columbia University Oral History Collection.</ref> [[Terry Robbins]],<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/nyregion/14about.html?pagewanted=print ''An Infamous Explosion, and the Smoldering Memory of Radicalism''], Jim Dwyer, ''[[New York Times]]'', November 14, 2007.</ref> and [[Ted Gold]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3Aaudio%20AND%20collection%3Apacifica_radio_archives%20AND%20subject%3A%22Kanter%22 Pacifica Radio Archives] available at the Internet Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> were also prominent organizers. Robbins and Gold were killed in the bomb factory blast, Wilkerson and Boudin survived. Wilkerson, along with Dohrn, was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List and later convicted of illegal possession of dynamite. Her father owned the building in which the blast occurred. Robbins was Ayers girlfriend at the time she was killed.<ref>Ron Radosh, [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2008/11/06/shame-on-the-new-yorker/ ''Shame on The New Yorker'']. November 6th, 2008. Retrieved from Pajamasmedia,com, February 20, 2010.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section IV. Individuals. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf Page 215 in original (p. 30 pdf).]</ref> Judy Clark was convicted of three counts of felony murder and sentenced to 75 years to life for her role in the Brinks armored truck robbery.<ref>[http://www.judithclark.org/about.functions.php?view=about#7 About Judith Clark's Case & Appeal]. Retrieved from judithclark.org, February 20, 2010.</ref>
Boudin and Gilbert were also convicted in the Brinks armored truck robbery. Their son, [[Chesa Boudin]],<ref>A review of Chesa Boudin's ''Gringo: A Coming of Age in Latin America'', states that not until the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] did he begin to understand "the antipathy many of these Americans have for the country he left behind. As stockbrokers grab one another's hand and jump from the 90th floor of the [[World Trade Center]], Boudin's Chilean roommates celebrate the United States' comeuppance at the hands of [[Osama bin Laden]]." [http://www.oregonlive.com/books/index.ssf/2009/05/nonfiction_review_gringo.html]</ref> was raised by Ayers and Dohrn. Chesa Boudin co-authored a book entitled, ''The Venezuelan Revolution'' sympathetic to the brand of communism promoted by Venezuelan dictator [[Hugo Chavez]]. In 2005 Ayers delivered a talk at the "World Education Forum" in Venezuela that was translated by Chesa Boudin. Ayers told the group:
Boudin and Gilbert were also convicted in the Brinks armored truck robbery. Their son, [[Chesa Boudin]],<ref>A review of Chesa Boudin's ''Gringo: A Coming of Age in Latin America'', states that not until the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] did he begin to understand "the antipathy many of these Americans have for the country he left behind. As stockbrokers grab one another's hand and jump from the 90th floor of the [[World Trade Center]], Boudin's Chilean roommates celebrate the United States' comeuppance at the hands of [[Osama bin Laden]]." [http://www.oregonlive.com/books/index.ssf/2009/05/nonfiction_review_gringo.html]</ref> was raised by Ayers and Dohrn. Chesa Boudin co-authored a book entitled, ''The Venezuelan Revolution'' sympathetic to the brand of communism promoted by Venezuelan dictator [[Hugo Chavez]]. In 2005 Ayers delivered a talk at the "World Education Forum" in Venezuela that was translated by Chesa Boudin. Ayers told the group:
{{cquote|This is my fourth visit to Venezuela, each time at the invitation of my [[comrade]] and friend Luis Bonilla, a brilliant educator and inspiring fighter for justice. Luis has taught me a great deal about the Bolivarian Revolution and about the profound educational reforms underway here in Venezuela under the leadership of President Chavez. We share the belief that education is the motor-force of revolution, and I've come to appreciate Luis as a major asset in both the Venezuelan and the international struggle — I look forward to seeing how he and all of you continue to overcome the failings of capitalist education as you seek to create something truly new and deeply humane."<ref>World Education Forum, Centro Interncional Miranda, Caracas, November 2006. Retrieved from http://billayers.wordpress.com/2006/11/ February 21, 2010.</ref>}}
{{cquote|This is my fourth visit to Venezuela, each time at the invitation of my [[comrade]] and friend Luis Bonilla, a brilliant educator and inspiring fighter for justice. Luis has taught me a great deal about the Bolivarian Revolution and about the profound educational reforms underway here in Venezuela under the leadership of President Chavez. We share the belief that education is the motor-force of revolution, and I've come to appreciate Luis as a major asset in both the Venezuelan and the international struggle — I look forward to seeing how he and all of you continue to overcome the failings of capitalist education as you seek to create something truly new and deeply humane."<ref>World Education Forum, Centro Interncional Miranda, Caracas, November 2006. Retrieved from http://billayers.wordpress.com/2006/11/ February 21, 2010.</ref>}}
==Legacy==
==Legacy==
Many former SDS members became professors, historians, and sociologists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/new-sds/ |title= The New SDS |work=[[The Nation]] |date=April 16, 2007 }}</ref>This allows them to not only be subversive, but work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass with which to draw.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2008/04/bill_ayers_and_the_subversion_1.html |title=Bill Ayers and the Subversion of Education |work=[[American Thinker]] |date=April 25, 2008 |quote=He is still a subversive, but does his work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass to draw upon. He no longer leads small gangs of bombers but is reaching and shaping a much larger number of people that capitalism is not only bad, but should be fought. }}</ref>
Many former SDS members became professors, historians, and sociologists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/new-sds/ |title= The New SDS |work=[[The Nation]] |date=April 16, 2007 }}</ref> This allows them to not only be subversive, but work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass with which to draw.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2008/04/bill_ayers_and_the_subversion_1.html |title=Bill Ayers and the Subversion of Education |work=[[American Thinker]] |date=April 25, 2008 |quote=He is still a subversive, but does his work behind the scenes and with a broader canvass to draw upon. He no longer leads small gangs of bombers but is reaching and shaping a much larger number of people that capitalism is not only bad, but should be fought. }}</ref>
==Family Tree==
==Family Tree==
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy]] → → →<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy]] → → →<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1932|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1932)]] → [[American Student Union]]<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1932|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1932)]] → [[American Student Union]]<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1945|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1945)]] → [[Students for a Democratic Society]]<br />
↳ [[League for Industrial Democracy#1945|Student League for Industrial Democracy (1945)]] → Students for a Democratic Society<br />
↳ [[Weather Underground]]
↳ [[Weather Underground]]
*[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 Students for a Democratic Society] - by Discover the Networks
*[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723 Students for a Democratic Society] - by Discover the Networks
{{Template:Students for a Democratic Society}}
{{Students for a Democratic Society}}
[[Category:Political Organizations]]
[[Category:Political Organizations]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[category:1960s]]
[[Category:1960s]]
[[category:New Left]]
[[Category:New Left]]
[[Category:Subversive Organizations]]
[[Category:Subversive Organizations]]