Changes

Likewise, according to Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal, during the Six Day War on Israel in 1967, the East German Communist regime employed former Nazi propagandists to write anti-Israeli propaganda, with the substitution of a few words such as “Israeli” for “Jew” and “progressive forces” for “National Socialism.”<ref>Simon Wiesenthal, ''The Same Language: First for Hitler&mdash;Now for Ulbricht'' (Bonn: Rolf Vogel, Deutschland Berichte, 1968), as cited in Jeffrey Herf, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yahqnBEEbQEC Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanys]'' (Harvard University Press, 1997) ISBN 0674213033, p. 189</ref> Also in Germany, the Tupamoros-West Berlin, a Communist group headed by Dieter Kunzelmann (who would later become a leader of the Green Party),<ref>Aribert Reimann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MGKnrkMmY5cC Dieter Kunzelmann: Avantgardist, Protestler, Radikaler],'' (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009), ISBN 3525370105, pp. 274-286</ref> attempted to bomb Berlin's Jewish Community Center during a commemoration of the anniversary of ''Kristallnacht'' in 1969.<ref>Walter Laqueur, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xMGeXXBSY8wC The changing face of antisemitism: from ancient times to the present day]'' (Oxford University Press US, 2006) ISBN 0195304292, p. 147</ref> Meanwhile, Berlin's Red Army Faction (RAF), another Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them&mdash;Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> She added that "Anti-Semitism is really hatred of capitalism."<ref>''Antisemitismus eigentlich Haß auf Kapitalismus ist.'' George Watson, "Race and the Socialists. On the Progressive Principle of Revolutionary Extermination," ''Encounter'' 47, 1976, pp. 15-18</ref> Another founder of this Communist group, Horst Mahler, an anti-Semite and  Holocaust denier<ref>“[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,550430,00.html One-Man Right-Wing Circus Act: German Sentenced to 10 Months for Hitler Greeting],” ''Der Speigel'' Online International</ref> was sentenced to six years in prison for incitement to racial hatred in 2005.<ref>”[http://www.ejpress.org/article/12601 Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler transferred to prison in Bavaria],” ''European Jewish Press'', December 29, 2006</ref> Despite being categorized as “right-wing” in the media, this Communist revolutionary insisted in a 2007 interview that his beliefs had not changed ("[http://shoabloger.wordpress.com/texts/michael-friedman-interviews-horst-mahler-full-text/ The enemy is the same]")<ref> “Der Feind ist derselbe.” Hoerst Mahler in Michael Friedman, “[https://archive.org/download/Friedman-Michel-Interview-mit-Horst-Mahler-und-Sylvia-Stolz/FriedmanMichel-InterviewMitHorstMahlerUndSylviaStolz200789S.Text.pdf So spricht man mit Nazis],” ''Vanity Fair (German edition), November, 2007, p. 17</ref> since his days as an informant for the Stasi,<ref>Helen Pidd, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-m einhof-gang-founder-stasi Baader-Meinhof terrorist may have worked for the Stasi]," ''The Guardian'', August 1, 2011</ref> the secret police of Communist East Germany. (After the fall of  East German Communism in 1990, it was revealed that the Stasi had been supplying the RAF with funds and logistic support, including false identities and  network of safehouses in West Belin.)<ref>John Schmeidel "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529308432225#preview My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 8, No. 4 (October 1993), pp. 59–72.</ref> The Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), yet another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a hard-line Marxist<ref>Edmund L. Andrews and John Kifner, [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html George Habash, 82, founder of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine], ''The New York Times'', January 27, 2008</ref> terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref>

Likewise, according to Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal, during the Six Day War on Israel in 1967, the East German Communist regime employed former Nazi propagandists to write anti-Israeli propaganda, with the substitution of a few words such as “Israeli” for “Jew” and “progressive forces” for “National Socialism.”<ref>Simon Wiesenthal, ''The Same Language: First for Hitler&mdash;Now for Ulbricht'' (Bonn: Rolf Vogel, Deutschland Berichte, 1968), as cited in Jeffrey Herf, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yahqnBEEbQEC Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanys]'' (Harvard University Press, 1997) ISBN 0674213033, p. 189</ref> Also in Germany, the Tupamoros-West Berlin, a Communist group headed by Dieter Kunzelmann (who would later become a leader of the Green Party),<ref>Aribert Reimann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MGKnrkMmY5cC Dieter Kunzelmann: Avantgardist, Protestler, Radikaler],'' (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009), ISBN 3525370105, pp. 274-286</ref> attempted to bomb Berlin's Jewish Community Center during a commemoration of the anniversary of ''Kristallnacht'' in 1969.<ref>Walter Laqueur, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xMGeXXBSY8wC The changing face of antisemitism: from ancient times to the present day]'' (Oxford University Press US, 2006) ISBN 0195304292, p. 147</ref> Meanwhile, Berlin's Red Army Faction (RAF), another Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them&mdash;Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> She added that "Anti-Semitism is really hatred of capitalism."<ref>''Antisemitismus eigentlich Haß auf Kapitalismus ist.'' George Watson, "Race and the Socialists. On the Progressive Principle of Revolutionary Extermination," ''Encounter'' 47, 1976, pp. 15-18</ref> Another founder of this Communist group, Horst Mahler, an anti-Semite and  Holocaust denier<ref>“[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,550430,00.html One-Man Right-Wing Circus Act: German Sentenced to 10 Months for Hitler Greeting],” ''Der Speigel'' Online International</ref> was sentenced to six years in prison for incitement to racial hatred in 2005.<ref>”[http://www.ejpress.org/article/12601 Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler transferred to prison in Bavaria],” ''European Jewish Press'', December 29, 2006</ref> Despite being categorized as “right-wing” in the media, this Communist revolutionary insisted in a 2007 interview that his beliefs had not changed ("[http://shoabloger.wordpress.com/texts/michael-friedman-interviews-horst-mahler-full-text/ The enemy is the same]")<ref> “Der Feind ist derselbe.” Hoerst Mahler in Michael Friedman, “[https://archive.org/download/Friedman-Michel-Interview-mit-Horst-Mahler-und-Sylvia-Stolz/FriedmanMichel-InterviewMitHorstMahlerUndSylviaStolz200789S.Text.pdf So spricht man mit Nazis],” ''Vanity Fair (German edition), November, 2007, p. 17</ref> since his days as an informant for the Stasi,<ref>Helen Pidd, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-m einhof-gang-founder-stasi Baader-Meinhof terrorist may have worked for the Stasi]," ''The Guardian'', August 1, 2011</ref> the secret police of Communist East Germany. (After the fall of  East German Communism in 1990, it was revealed that the Stasi had been supplying the RAF with funds and logistic support, including false identities and  network of safehouses in West Belin.)<ref>John Schmeidel "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529308432225#preview My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 8, No. 4 (October 1993), pp. 59–72.</ref> The Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), yet another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a hard-line Marxist<ref>Edmund L. Andrews and John Kifner, [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html George Habash, 82, founder of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine], ''The New York Times'', January 27, 2008</ref> terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref>

Historian Susan Urban of the Jersusalem Center for Public Affairs writes, "Germany has seen a growth of leftist anti-Semitism along with anti-imperialist, antiglobalization, and anti-Zionist attitudes."<ref>Susanne Urban, "Anti-Semitism In Germany Today: Its Roots And Tendencies1," ''Jewish Political Studies Review'' Vol. 16 (Fall 2004), pp. 3-4</ref> "Outside of the Western communist parties, which were mostly oriented solidly towards Moscow’s anti-Zionism, a fully articulated anti-Zionism appeared only in the early 1970s with the formation of the so-called New Left, which interpreted the Middle-East conflict in terms of its anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist rhetoric," reports the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. "As many authors have shown since, the anti-Zionism of the 1970s was largely not just ideological criticism of Israel, but a form of [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/184-AS-Main-report.pdf secondary anti-Semitism]. The rhetoric of these organizations, whose remnants survive into the present day, often indicates the antisemitic nature of their criticism."

Historian Susan Urban of the Jersusalem Center for Public Affairs writes, "Germany has seen a growth of leftist anti-Semitism along with anti-imperialist, antiglobalization, and anti-Zionist attitudes."<ref>Susanne Urban, "Anti-Semitism In Germany Today: Its Roots And Tendencies1," ''Jewish Political Studies Review'' Vol. 16 (Fall 2004), pp. 3-4</ref> "Outside of the Western communist parties, which were mostly oriented solidly towards Moscow’s anti-Zionism, a fully articulated anti-Zionism appeared only in the early 1970s with the formation of the so-called New Left, which interpreted the Middle-East conflict in terms of its anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist rhetoric," reports the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. "As many authors have shown since, the anti-Zionism of the 1970s was largely not just ideological criticism of Israel, but a form of [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/184-AS-Main-report.pdf secondary anti-Semitism]. The rhetoric of these organizations, whose remnants survive into the present day, often indicates the antisemitic nature of their criticism." A 2016 study by the Research Association on the SED [Socialist Unity Party] State at Berlin's Free University, financed by Germany's Federal Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, found that "there has been more left-wing violence in Germany since 2009 than right-wing violence." Researchers found extensive anti-Semitism among left-wing extremists in Germany, and said the view of anti-Jewish extremist leftism can be traced to the word [http://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/German-left-wing-radicals-say-Jews-have-too-much-influence-460773 “Jew” as a synonym for “capitalist” and “exploiter.”]

In 1985, the Palestine Liberation Front, then a [http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/palestinian_liberation_front.asp Communist group], which had hijacked an Italian cruise ship, the MS ''Achille Lauro'', murdered 69-year-old passenger Leon Klinghoffer, an American, shooting him to death and rolling his wheelchair off the deck, dumping his body into the ocean. The PLF singled out Klinghoffer for murder [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-04-17/news/0304161228_1_achille-lauro-abul-abbas-palestinian-authority because he was Jewish]. Finally, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group that seized control of the government of Nicaragua in 1979, supported a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018)</ref>

In 1985, the Palestine Liberation Front, then a [http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/palestinian_liberation_front.asp Communist group], which had hijacked an Italian cruise ship, the MS ''Achille Lauro'', murdered 69-year-old passenger Leon Klinghoffer, an American, shooting him to death and rolling his wheelchair off the deck, dumping his body into the ocean. The PLF singled out Klinghoffer for murder [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-04-17/news/0304161228_1_achille-lauro-abul-abbas-palestinian-authority because he was Jewish]. Finally, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group that seized control of the government of Nicaragua in 1979, supported a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018)</ref>