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*[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lewis1.html Race and Slavery in the Middle East], Bernard Lewis, Oxford University Press, 1994.
*[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lewis1.html Race and Slavery in the Middle East], Bernard Lewis, Oxford University Press, 1994.
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/monitor/fall2000/paper7.htm Jewish Life under Early Islam: Social, Legal, and Religious Life in the Muslim Empire during the Seventh through the Eleventh Centuries], Linda Broughton.
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/monitor/fall2000/paper7.htm Jewish Life under Early Islam: Social, Legal, and Religious Life in the Muslim Empire during the Seventh through the Eleventh Centuries], Linda Broughton.
*[http://www.churchisraelforum.com/the_dhimmi_jews_and_christians_under_islam.htm The Dhimmi -Jews and Christians Under Islam]," by Bat Ye'or, Associated University Presses, Cranbury, N.J., English edition 1985.
*[http://www.churchisraelforum.com/the_dhimmi_jews_and_christians_under_islam.htm The Dhimmi -Jews and Christians Under Islam]," by [[Bat Ye'or]], Associated University Presses, Cranbury, N.J., English edition 1985.
[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Islam]]