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The Plan was drawn up by a committee comprising [[John Adams]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[John Dickinson]], and [[Robert Morris]]; it was adopted Sept. 17, 1776.
The Plan was drawn up by a committee comprising [[John Adams]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[John Dickinson]], and [[Robert Morris]]; it was adopted Sept. 17, 1776.
The committee selected from 18th-century European treaties such definitions of neutral rights as appealed to small-navied powers: the doctrine of free ships, free goods; freedom of neutrals to trade in non-contraband between port and port of a belligerent (this a repudiation of the British Rule of the War of 1756); and restricted the category of contraband to a carefully defined list of arms, munitions, and implements of war, not including foodstuffs or naval stores. Blockade was not defined. These principles were written into the Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce of 1778; into all other such treaties negotiated with European powers in the 18th century, excepting Britain; and into most of the first treaties of amity and commerce negotiated with Latin-American republics. They also appeared in the Armed Neutrality of 1780 and of 1800; and the Declaration of Paris of 1856 confirmed as international law the principle of free ships, free goods, and also a definition of blockade.
The committee selected from 18th century European treaties such definitions of neutral rights as appealed to small-navied powers: the doctrine of free ships, free goods; freedom of neutrals to trade in non-contraband between port and port of a belligerent (this a repudiation of the British Rule of the War of 1756); and restricted the category of contraband to a carefully defined list of arms, munitions, and implements of war, not including foodstuffs or naval stores. Blockade was not defined. These principles were written into the Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce of 1778; into all other such treaties negotiated with European powers in the 18th century, excepting Britain; and into most of the first treaties of amity and commerce negotiated with Latin-American republics. They also appeared in the Armed Neutrality of 1780 and of 1800; and the Declaration of Paris of 1856 confirmed as international law the principle of free ships, free goods, and also a definition of blockade.
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==