Changes

The Privacy Act applies exclusively against federal agencies.  ''See Schmitt v. City of Detroit'', 395 F.3d 327, 328 (6th Cir. 2005).  There is no right of action against a municipal or state agency under the Privacy Act.  ''See Pennyfeather v. Tessler'', 431 F.3d 54, 56 (2d Cir. 2005).  Courts are exempt from the Privacy Act also.  ''See''  5 U.S.C. § 551(1)(B) (excluding federal courts of the United States from the definition of "agency")

The Privacy Act applies exclusively against federal agencies.  ''See Schmitt v. City of Detroit'', 395 F.3d 327, 328 (6th Cir. 2005).  There is no right of action against a municipal or state agency under the Privacy Act.  ''See Pennyfeather v. Tessler'', 431 F.3d 54, 56 (2d Cir. 2005).  Courts are exempt from the Privacy Act also.  ''See''  5 U.S.C. § 551(1)(B) (excluding federal courts of the United States from the definition of "agency")

Many states have their own independent privacy acts, subjecting state government to obligations to protect privacy.  ''See, e.g.'', Washington Privacy Act (Act), Wash. Rev. Code § 9.73.

Many states have their own independent privacy acts, subjecting state government to obligations to protect privacy.  ''See, e.g.'', Washington Privacy Act (Act), Wash. Rev. Code § 9.73; [[Minnesota Government Data Practices Act]], Minn. Stat. § 13.01 ''et seq.''

== Disclosure ==

== Disclosure ==