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'''Syncretism''' is the attempt to reconcile different schools of thought, most notably [[religion]]s.  Syncretism takes place when foreign beliefs are introduced into an indigenous belief system.

|}'''Syncretism''' is the attempt to reconcile different schools of thought, most notably [[religion]]s.  Syncretism takes place when foreign beliefs are introduced into an indigenous belief system.

Syncretism can be also defined as the union of two opposite forces, beliefs, systems or tenets so that the united form is a new thing, neither one nor other.<ref name="Christopaganism"/>  

Syncretism can be also defined as the union of two opposite forces, beliefs, systems or tenets so that the united form is a new thing, neither one nor other.<ref name="Christopaganism"/>  

==Historical examples of syncretism==

==Historical examples of syncretism==

===Syncretistic attempts of Calvinists for union with the Lutheran church===

===Syncretistic attempts of Calvinists for union with the Lutheran church===

The [[Brandenburg]] Kurfürst Johann Sigismund converted to the [[Reformed]] aka [[Calvinist]] faith on 25th December 1613. This developed a gap between his [[Hohenzollern]] house and their subjects, especially the Mark Brandenburg population which remained [[Lutheran]]. The Reformed faith became the court and official religion and the next Kurürst, Friedrich Wilhelm, who had been brought up in the Reformed Niederlanden, i.e. [[Netherlands]], demanded the acceptance of his own (Reformed) minority faith and its followers who were mostly foreigners, brought into the Mark Brandenburg from abroad after the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Kurürst attacked Lutheran church and its clergy by repealing of the so called ''Formula Concordiae'' at ordination and by imposing furhter restrictive measures through his edict of 2nd June 1662. That caused the [[Wittenberg]] University to publish a paper entitled ''"Epikrisis de Colloquio Casselano Rintelino-Marpurgensium"'' which declared any union with Reformed members to be impossible, since in their opinion, the Reformed doctrine had a tendency to minimalise, to think in relative terms and for agnosticism in questions of faith.{{#tag:ref|cf. [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+3%3A1&version=NIV Genesis 3:1]|group=note}} The orthodox-Lutheran clergy saw in every concession to the Reformed members the introduction of Syncretism that would lead to the rule of Calvinism and to be suspected of being a Syncretist was about the most severe reproach one could give to a 17th century Lutheran theologian.<ref>{{cite book |title=Paul Gerhardt 1607 - 1676 An Illustrated Biography |author=Hans-Joachim Beeskow |publisher=Heimat-Verlag Lübben |place=Lübben |year=2006 |pages=45-71 |isbn=3-929600-33-1 |url= |quote=}}</ref>

The [[Brandenburg]] Kurfürst Johann Sigismund converted to the [[Reformed]] aka [[Calvinist]] faith on 25th December 1613. This developed a gap between his [[Hohenzollern]] house and their subjects, especially the Mark Brandenburg population which remained [[Lutheran]]. The Reformed faith became the court and official religion and the next Kurürst, Friedrich Wilhelm, who had been brought up in the Reformed Niederlanden, i.e. [[Netherlands]], demanded the acceptance of his own (Reformed) minority faith and its followers who were mostly foreigners, brought into the Mark Brandenburg from abroad after the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Kurürst attacked Lutheran church and its clergy by repealing of the so called ''Formula Concordiae'' at ordination and by imposing furhter restrictive measures through his edict of 2nd June 1662. That caused the [[Wittenberg]] University to publish a paper entitled ''"Epikrisis de Colloquio Casselano Rintelino-Marpurgensium"'' which declared any union with Reformed members to be impossible, since in their opinion, the Reformed doctrine had a tendency to minimalise, to think in relative terms and for agnosticism in questions of faith.{{#tag:ref|cf. [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+3%3A1&version=NIV Genesis 3:1]|group=note}} The orthodox-Lutheran clergy saw in every concession to the Reformed members the introduction of Syncretism that would lead to the rule of Calvinism and to be suspected of being a Syncretist was about the most severe reproach one could give to a 17th century Lutheran theologian.<ref name="Beeskow2006">{{cite book |title=Paul Gerhardt 1607 - 1676 An Illustrated Biography |author=Hans-Joachim Beeskow |publisher=Heimat-Verlag Lübben |place=Lübben |year=2006 |pages=45-71 |isbn=3-929600-33-1 |url= |quote=}}</ref>

The 19th century Superintendent Büchsel described in his book ''Erinnerungen'' the situation in [[Prussia]] where union between Calvinists and Lutheran church was imposed by state power. He portrays this union as flag of [[liberalism]] in the church that caused an inner schism. The priest in the town of Stettin, Ehrenström, was arrested due to his secession from the official church and encouraging people to escape the union by emigration into [[America]]. Separatists refused the new state agenda and new Songbook and State Police had to force Lutheran children against the will of their parents into the State schools which aimed to indoctrinate them with Calvinism.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jozef Miloslav Hurban a jeho zápas o pravé hodnoty cirkvi a národa |author=Miloslav Hvožďara |publisher=Tranoscius |place=Liptovský Mikuláš |year=2008 |pages=83-7 |isbn=978-807140-288-6 |language=Slovak}}</ref>   

The 19th century Superintendent Büchsel described in his book ''Erinnerungen'' the situation in [[Prussia]] where union between Calvinists and Lutheran church was imposed by state power. He portrays this union as flag of [[liberalism]] in the church that caused an inner schism. The priest in the town of Stettin, Ehrenström, was arrested due to his secession from the official church and encouraging people to escape the union by emigration into [[America]]. Separatists refused the new state agenda and new Songbook and State Police had to force Lutheran children against the will of their parents into the State schools which aimed to indoctrinate them with Calvinism.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jozef Miloslav Hurban a jeho zápas o pravé hodnoty cirkvi a národa |author=Miloslav Hvožďara |publisher=Tranoscius |place=Liptovský Mikuláš |year=2008 |pages=83-7 |isbn=978-807140-288-6 |language=Slovak}}</ref>