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'''Joseph Lister''' (1827-1912) was a [[Scottish]] [[physician]] who applied [[Louis Pasteur]]'s germ theory of disease and implemented an antibacterial cleaning technique for hospital tools and facilities, greatly reducing the number of infections. While Pasteur's sterilization techniques weren't usable for surgical equipment, Lister found that carbonic acid would work.<ref>The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989</ref>
'''Joseph Lister''' (1827-1912) was a [[Scottish]] [[physician]] who applied [[Louis Pasteur]]'s germ theory of disease and implemented an antibacterial cleaning technique for hospital tools and facilities, greatly reducing the number of infections. While Pasteur's sterilization techniques were not usable for surgical equipment, Lister found that carbonic acid would work.<ref>The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989</ref>
In 1999, the American Philosophical Society in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], published Professor [[Jerry Gaw]]'s '''A Time to Heal': The Diffusion of Listerism in Victorian England,'' a study of the medical progress through antiseptic surgical procedures and other reforms promoted by Joseph Lister.<ref>{{cite book|url=books.google.com/books?isbn=0871698919...|title=A Time to Heal: The Diffusion of Listerism in Victorian England|publisher=[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]: American Philosophical Society, 1999, ISBN=087169-891-9, 178 pp.|accessdate=December 18, 2010}}</ref>In a review of Gaw's book in ''Victorian Studies,'' Margaret Anne Crowther writes: "Amongst the useful features of the book is a substantial bibliography of works dealing with Joseph Lister and antiseptic surgery. . . .Gaw's approach is to concentrate on the years from the late 1860s to the mid-1880s, when Lister's views, at first highly contentious, began to dominate the medical world."<ref>Margaret Anne Crowther, ''Victorian Studies'', Vol. 43, No. 4 (Summer 2001), pp. 688-689.</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Hospital]]
* [[Hospital]]