Changes

Louis Marshall (1856-1929) was a key founder and long-time president (1912–29).  he made the AJC the leading voice in the 1920s against immigration restriction, but he could not stop passage of major limititations on the inflow of immigrants.  He did succeed in stopping [[Henry Ford]] from publishing anti-Semitic literature and distributing it through his car dealerships; indeed, Ford apologized publicly to Marshall.  At the same time, Marshall supported institutions working for the rapid assimilation of East European Jews, recognizing that mass immigration was creating many social problems in America's industrial and urban centers.<ref>Henry B. Leonard, Louis Marshall and Immigration Restriction, 1906-1924.  American Jewish Archives; 1972 24(1): 6-26,</ref>  After the World War, Marshall had some success in adding into the peace treaties provisions guaranteeing the rights of minorities. In the 1920s the AJC was actively concerned with dangers in Poland and Rumania, where violent outbreaks of anti-Semitism and the restriction of civil rights made the position of Jews precarious.  In the 1930s it lobbied quietly for the entry of Jewish refugees from Hitler, but had little success. During the war it discouraged open talk of the [[Holocaust]], lest a backlash lead to heightened anti-Semitism in the U.S.  In 1945 it urged a human rights program upon the United Nations and proved vital in enlisting the support that made possible the human rights provisions in the UN Charter.<ref>Cohen (1972); Handlin (1957)</ref>   

Louis Marshall (1856-1929) was a key founder and long-time president (1912–29).  he made the AJC the leading voice in the 1920s against immigration restriction, but he could not stop passage of major limititations on the inflow of immigrants.  He did succeed in stopping [[Henry Ford]] from publishing anti-Semitic literature and distributing it through his car dealerships; indeed, Ford apologized publicly to Marshall.  At the same time, Marshall supported institutions working for the rapid assimilation of East European Jews, recognizing that mass immigration was creating many social problems in America's industrial and urban centers.<ref>Henry B. Leonard, Louis Marshall and Immigration Restriction, 1906-1924.  American Jewish Archives; 1972 24(1): 6-26,</ref>  After the World War, Marshall had some success in adding into the peace treaties provisions guaranteeing the rights of minorities. In the 1920s the AJC was actively concerned with dangers in Poland and Rumania, where violent outbreaks of anti-Semitism and the restriction of civil rights made the position of Jews precarious.  In the 1930s it lobbied quietly for the entry of Jewish refugees from Hitler, but had little success. During the war it discouraged open talk of the [[Holocaust]], lest a backlash lead to heightened anti-Semitism in the U.S.  In 1945 it urged a human rights program upon the United Nations and proved vital in enlisting the support that made possible the human rights provisions in the UN Charter.<ref>Cohen (1972); Handlin (1957)</ref>   

The AJC before the Six Day War in 1967 was officially "non-Zionist." Indeed, it had long opposed [[Zionism]] and only became reconciled to the creation of [[Israel]]  in 1947-48, when the U.S. backed the partition of Palestine. As 1967 began the AJC still was the major national Jewish body that was most self-consciously American, most reluctant to acknowledge links to other Jewish communities beyond those of religion and philanthropy, and least willing to subordinate institutional autonomy to the cause of Jewish communal solidarity. That it transformed itself almost overnight into a passionate defender of the Jewish state and, in so doing, shed old inhibitions to espouse Jewish peoplehood was itself a measure of the impact this crisis had on American Jewry as a whole.<ref>Grossman (1998)</ref>  

The AJC before the Six Day War in 1967 was officially "non-Zionist." Indeed, it had long opposed [[Zionism]] and only became reconciled to the creation of [[Israel]]  in 1947-48, when the U.S. backed the partition of Palestine. As 1967 began the AJC still was the major national Jewish body that was most self-consciously American, most reluctant to acknowledge links to other Jewish communities beyond those of religion and philanthropy, and least willing to subordinate institutional autonomy to the cause of Jewish communal solidarity. That it transformed itself almost overnight into a passionate defender of the Jewish state and, in so doing, shed old inhibitions to espouse Jewish peoplehood was itself a measure of the impact this crisis had on American Jewry as a whole.<ref>Grossman (1998)</ref> It also brought in members of the [[Frankfurt School]], in particular [[Theodor Adorno]] and [[Herbert Marcuse]], so they could find out what caused fascism and how to prevent it occurring again and causing another Holocaust, due to the members hailing from Germany as refugees to the Nazis and thus having an inside knowledge of what caused it. However, they were unaware at that time that the Frankfurt School lied about what caused fascism for their agenda of foistering Marxism in America, and that several of their "solutions" were actually the same stuff the Nazis promoted.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/267543/big-liar-dinesh-dsouza</ref>

Since 1945 it has published [[Commentary]], focused on political and cultural commentary and analysis of politics and society in the U.S. and the Middle East. Originally liberal, ''Commentary'' has moved right and since the 1980s has been the voice of [[Neoconservatives]].  Since 1906 it has published the invaluable ''American Jewish Yearbook'', a highly detailed account of Jewish life in the U.S., Israel and the world.<ref>Sanua (2007)</ref>

Since 1945 it has published [[Commentary]], focused on political and cultural commentary and analysis of politics and society in the U.S. and the Middle East. Originally liberal, ''Commentary'' has moved right and since the 1980s has been the voice of [[Neoconservatives]].  Since 1906 it has published the invaluable ''American Jewish Yearbook'', a highly detailed account of Jewish life in the U.S., Israel and the world.<ref>Sanua (2007)</ref>