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Line 1: − {{move|Pennines}}+ − The '''Pennines''' the main [[England|English]] highland area. running south to north along the centre of England from the north [[Midlands]] through several counties right up to the [[Scotland|Scottish]] border. As such, they are referred to as the 'backbone of Britain'.+ − + − + + + + + + + + + + − A bleak and sparsely inhabited region, the Pennines are predominantly a [[sheep]]-farming area, though historically a number of mines operated in the range and their remains can still be seem in places. Amongst the few towns of the region, of interest are Alston, England's highest market town, Hawes, Settle (terminus of the [[Settle-Carlisle railway]], that runs along the range), Skipton, [[Hebden Bridge]] and Buxton. Line 19:
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→Definition
The '''Pennines''' the main [[England|English]] highland area. Running south to north along the centre of England from the north [[Midlands]] to the far north of England at the Tyne Gap, which separates them from the [[Cheviot Hills]] to the north. As such, they are referred to as the 'backbone of Britain'.
By far the largest range of hills in England, the Pennines traverse nine counties (from north to south): [[Northumberland]], [[Cumberland]], [[County Durham]], [[Westmorland]], [[Yorkshire]] (North and West Ridings), [[Lancashire]], [[Cheshire]], [[Derbyshire]] and [[Staffordshire]].
The highest hill in the range is Cross Fell in [[Cumbria]] (2930 feet). The only higher mountains in England are in the nearby [[Lake District]]. Other notable hills of the Pennines are [[Kinder Scout]] (Derbyshire), Ingleborough Hill and Pen-y-Ghent (Yorkshire) and Whernside (Cumbria).
The highest hill in the range is Cross Fell in Cumberland (2930 feet). The only higher mountains in England are in the nearby [[Lake District]]. Other notable hills of the Pennines are [[Kinder Scout]] (Derbyshire), Ingleborough Hill and Pen-y-Ghent (Yorkshire) and Whernside (Yorkshire).
The central Pennines are formed from the [[Jurassic]] [[limestone]] of the Alston Tilt Block. In addition to typical [[karst]] landscape of scarps and [[limestone pavement]]s on the surface, there are many caves in the [[Yorkshire Dales]]<ref>http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/arb/yorkshire/</ref>, including Britain's longest cave system, the [[Easegill System]], and its deepest single shaft at Gaping Ghyll. There are also caves in the [[Peak District]].<ref>http://w01-0504.web.dircon.net/pdc/caveguides.htm</ref>
The central Pennines are formed from the [[Jurassic]] [[limestone]] of the Alston Tilt Block. In addition to typical [[karst]] landscape of scarps and [[limestone pavement]]s on the surface, there are many caves in the [[Yorkshire Dales]],<ref>http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/arb/yorkshire/</ref> including Britain's longest cave system, the [[Easegill System]], and its deepest single shaft at Gaping Ghyll. There are also caves in the [[Peak District]].<ref>http://w01-0504.web.dircon.net/pdc/caveguides.htm</ref>
== Definition==
The Pennine chain stretches approximately between valleys the River Trent in the south and the River Tyne in the north, where the "Tyne Gap" separates the range from the [[Cheviot Hills]]. In the east, the part of the range containing the Yorkshire Dales is bound by the Vale of Mowbray, a plain separating them from the [[North York Moors]]. The range is bound in the north-west by the valleys of the River Eden and River Lune, both of which partially form a natural boundary with the [[Lake District]].
Occasionally, the Cheviot Hills, which straddle the border between England and Scotland, are included in more broad definitions of the range. However, they are of mainly [[Igneous rock|igneous]] origin, making them geologically distinct from the largely limestone (sedimentary) rocks of the Pennines.
== Towns ==
Most parts of the Pennines are sparsely populated, with few significant towns. The rural Pennines are characterised by small, stone-built market towns, with good examples being Alston in Cumberland, [[Barnard Castle]] in County Durham, [[Buxton]] in Derbyshire and Richmond in Yorkshire, which boasts an impressive Norman castle. The Pennines, however, boasts a handful of medium and large towns, primarily in the foothills. These include Consett in County Durham, the Yorkshire towns [[Barnsley]], [[Halifax]] [[Huddersfield]], numerous Lancashire towns including Burnley and Rochdale as well as [[Stockport]] in Cheshire. Several major cities also have parts within the lowlands of the Pennines, including [[Bradford]], [[Leeds]], [[Manchester]], [[Sheffield]] and [[Stoke-on-Trent]].
== Economy ==
== Economy ==
A bleak and sparsely inhabited region, most parts of Pennines are predominantly a [[sheep]]-farming area, though historically a number of mines operated in the range and their remains can still be seem in places.
== Tourism and recreation ==
== Tourism and recreation ==
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[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:European Mountains]]
[[Category:England]]
[[Category:England]]