Changes

==Labor racketeering==

==Labor racketeering==

From 1955 until 1972, [[John L. McClellan]] of [[Arkansas]] chaired the PSI.  McClellan continued extensive hearings of the Army Signal Corps at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, and added new inquiries relating to communist activities in the United States and to business activities and alleged improper activities by [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower Administration]] appointees and political associates.  In the 86th Congress (1957), members of the Subcommittee were joined by Members of the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee on a special committee to investigate labor racketeering. Chaired by Senator McClellan and staffed by [[Robert F. Kennedy]], the Subcommittee’s Chief Counsel, and other staff members, this special committee directed much of its attention to criminal influence over the [[Teamsters|International Brotherhood of Teamsters]], most famously calling Teamsters’ leaders Dave Beck and [[Jimmy Hoffa]] to testify. The televised hearings of the special committee also introduced Senators [[Barry Goldwater]] and [[John F. Kennedy]] to the nation, as well as leading to passage of the Landrum-Griffin Labor Act. After each day’s hearings, moreover, Robert Kennedy and other staff members, including [[Pierre Salinger]] and Kenneth O’Donnell, would meet in the committee’s back room to plan strategies for Senator John Kennedy’s upcoming 1960 presidential campaign.

From 1955 until 1972, [[John McClellan]] of [[Arkansas]] chaired the PSI.  McClellan continued extensive hearings of the Army Signal Corps at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, and added new inquiries relating to communist activities in the United States and to business activities and alleged improper activities by [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower Administration]] appointees and political associates.  In the 86th Congress (1957), members of the Subcommittee were joined by Members of the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee on a special committee to investigate labor racketeering. Chaired by Senator McClellan and staffed by [[Robert F. Kennedy]], the Subcommittee’s Chief Counsel, and other staff members, this special committee directed much of its attention to criminal influence over the [[Teamsters|International Brotherhood of Teamsters]], most famously calling Teamsters’ leaders Dave Beck and [[Jimmy Hoffa]] to testify. The televised hearings of the special committee also introduced Senators [[Barry Goldwater]] and [[John F. Kennedy]] to the nation, as well as leading to passage of the Landrum-Griffin Labor Act. After each day’s hearings, moreover, Robert Kennedy and other staff members, including [[Pierre Salinger]] and Kenneth O’Donnell, would meet in the committee’s back room to plan strategies for Senator John Kennedy’s upcoming 1960 presidential campaign.

After the select committee expired in 1960, the PSI continued to investigate labor racketeering and other labor-related matters.  From 1961 through 1968, it also investigated [[gambling]] and [[organized crime]] in which [[Joe Valachi]] testified about the activities of the [[La Cosa Nostra|"Cosa Nostra"]], the [[Billie Sol Estes]] case, irregularities in missile procurement, procurement of the [[General Dynamics F-111|TFX]] fighter plane, excessive risks in underwriting [[Federal Housing Administration]] mortgages, [[riot]]s, and [[civil disorder]]s, the [[United States Agency for International Development|Agency for International Development]] commodity import program, and procurement of railway bridges for [[South Vietnam]] under the [[Counterinsurgency operations|counterinsurgency]] program.  The Subcommittee’s investigations also led to passage of major legislation against organized crime, most notably the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations]] (RICO) provision of the Crime Control Act of 1970.

After the select committee expired in 1960, the PSI continued to investigate labor racketeering and other labor-related matters.  From 1961 through 1968, it also investigated [[gambling]] and [[organized crime]] in which [[Joe Valachi]] testified about the activities of the [[La Cosa Nostra|"Cosa Nostra"]], the [[Billie Sol Estes]] case, irregularities in missile procurement, procurement of the [[General Dynamics F-111|TFX]] fighter plane, excessive risks in underwriting [[Federal Housing Administration]] mortgages, [[riot]]s, and [[civil disorder]]s, the [[United States Agency for International Development|Agency for International Development]] commodity import program, and procurement of railway bridges for [[South Vietnam]] under the [[Counterinsurgency operations|counterinsurgency]] program.  The Subcommittee’s investigations also led to passage of major legislation against organized crime, most notably the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations]] (RICO) provision of the Crime Control Act of 1970.