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===The PEN Disappeared held in detention camps===

===The PEN Disappeared held in detention camps===

By the time of the coup on March 24th 1976, the number of disappeared held under ''Poder Ejecutivo Nacional'' (PEN) stood at least 5,182.  Some 18,000 disappeared in the form of PEN detainees were imprisoned in Argentina by the end of 1977 and it is estimated that some 3,000-4,000 deaths occurred in the Navy Engineering School (ESMA).<ref>''It is estimated that approximately 3,000–4,000 missing persons passed through this camp, of which only a few survived.'' Cultural Heritage , Dallen J. Timothy, Gyan P. Nyaupane, p. 220, Routledge, 2009</ref>These disappeared were held incommunicado and reportedly tortured. Some, like senator Hipolito Solari Yrigoyen and socialist leader professor Alfredo Bravo, were ''detenidos-desaparecidos''. Alicia Partnoy, a poet and member of the Peronist Youth that had links with the ''Montoneros'', also counts as one of the victims who had disappeared but later "reappeared." On November 10th 1977, Colonel Ricardo Flouret and Captain Eduardo Andujar, representing the interior ministry, explained to [[Amnesty International]] that many of the disappeared were in fact guerrillas who had gone underground or fled the country.

By the time of the coup on March 24th 1976, the number of disappeared held under ''Poder Ejecutivo Nacional'' (PEN) stood at least 5,182.  Some 18,000 disappeared in the form of PEN detainees were imprisoned in Argentina by the end of 1977 and it is estimated that some 3,000-4,000 deaths occurred in the Navy Engineering School (ESMA).<ref>''It is estimated that approximately 3,000–4,000 missing persons passed through this camp, of which only a few survived.'' Cultural Heritage , Dallen J. Timothy, Gyan P. Nyaupane, p. 220, Routledge, 2009</ref>These disappeared were held incommunicado and reportedly tortured. Some, like senator Hipolito Solari Yrigoyen and socialist leader professor Alfredo Bravo, were ''detenidos-desaparecidos''. Alicia Partnoy, a poet and member of the Peronist Youth that had links with the ''Montoneros'', also counts as one of the victims who had disappeared but later "reappeared." On November 10th 1977, Colonel Ricardo Flouret and Captain Eduardo Andujar, representing the interior ministry, explained to [[Amnesty International]] that many of the disappeared were in fact guerrillas who had gone underground or fled the country.<ref>Spanish and Latin American Transitions to Democracy, Carlos Horacio Waisman, Raanan Rein, p. 195, Sussex Academic Press, 2005</ref>

By refusing to acknowledge the existence of what was later established to be at least 340 detention camps throughout the country they also denied the existence of their occupants, some 30,000 Argentines are estimated to have passed through the camps. The total number of people who were detained for long periods was 8,625. Among them was future President Carlos Menem, who between 1976 and 1981 had been a political prisoner.

By refusing to acknowledge the existence of what was later established to be at least 340 detention camps throughout the country they also denied the existence of their occupants, some 30,000 Argentines are estimated to have passed through the camps. The total number of people who were detained for long periods was 8,625. Among them was future President Carlos Menem, who between 1976 and 1981 had been a political prisoner.