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Their position is not only opposed by [[apostolic tradition]] but also by all [[Exegesis|biblical exegetes]] and [[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|textual critics]] who point out that the Hebrew/Aramiac Old Testament and Greek New Testament manuscripts do not witness to annihilation of the wicked, but to their utter ruin instead, a ''conscious'' ruin of suffering and torment from which they cannot recover or escape.<ref>[https://www.whatchristianswanttoknow.com/is-annihilationism-biblical/ What Christians Want To Know - Is Annihilationism Biblical? ''by'' Jack Wellman (whatchristianswanttoknow.com)]</ref> For example,  

Their position is not only opposed by [[apostolic tradition]] but also by all [[Exegesis|biblical exegetes]] and [[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|textual critics]] who point out that the Hebrew/Aramiac Old Testament and Greek New Testament manuscripts do not witness to annihilation of the wicked, but to their utter ruin instead, a ''conscious'' ruin of suffering and torment from which they cannot recover or escape.<ref>[https://www.whatchristianswanttoknow.com/is-annihilationism-biblical/ What Christians Want To Know - Is Annihilationism Biblical? ''by'' Jack Wellman (whatchristianswanttoknow.com)]</ref> For example,  

*in the Old Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+145%3A20&version=KJV "all the wicked will he destroy (desolate שמד ''shamad'')" Psalm 145:20 '''שמד''' ''shamad''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/8045.htm Strong's number ''8045''. '''שמד''' ''shamad'' to desolate, bring to nought, overthrow, throw down, crush, consume.]

*in the Old Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+145%3A20&version=KJV "all the wicked will he destroy (desolate שמד ''shamad'')" Psalm 145:20 '''שמד''' ''shamad''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/8045.htm Strong's number ''8045''. '''שמד''' ''shamad'' to desolate, bring to nought, overthrow, throw down, crush, consume.]

*in the New Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1%3A9&version=KJV "destruction (ruin ὄλεθρον)" 2&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9 '''ὄλεθρον''' ''olethron''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/greek/3639.htm Strong's number ''3639''. '''ὄλεθρος''' ''olethros'' ruin, doom, destruction, death.]<br>This word ólethros ("ruination") does not imply "extinction" (annihilation). It emphasizes the consequent loss that goes with complete "undoing." See [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_thessalonians/1-9.htm multiple commentaries on 1&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9]

*in the New Testament [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1%3A9&version=KJV "destruction (ruin ὄλεθρον)" 2&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9 '''ὄλεθρον''' ''olethron''.]<br> See [http://biblehub.com/greek/3639.htm Strong's number ''3639''. '''ὄλεθρος''' ''olethros'' ruin, doom, destruction, death.]<br>This word ólethros ("ruination") does not imply "extinction" (annihilation). It emphasizes the consequent loss that goes with complete "undoing." See [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_thessalonians/1-9.htm multiple commentaries on 2&nbsp;Thessalonians 1:9]

Ezekiel 18:20-32 clearly says "the soul that sinneth, it shall die (מות ''mooth'')" and also says that iniquity is "ruin" (מכשול ''mikshowl''), not annihilation. This word translated as "die (מות ''mooth'')" is the same word in Genesis 2:17 "in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die (מות ''mooth'')."<ref>See Strong's numbers [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4191.htm 4191 '''מות''' ''mooth''] and [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4383.htm 4383 '''מכשול''' ''mikshowl''].</ref> Adam and Eve did die that very day, not physically, but they did die and were dead that very same day, even while their bodies remained alive for a long while afterward, and while they were dead they suffered from that day forward, before they finally turned to dust (Genesis 2:17; 3:19).

Ezekiel 18:20-32 clearly says "the soul that sinneth, it shall die (מות ''mooth'')" and also says that iniquity is "ruin" (מכשול ''mikshowl''), not annihilation. This word translated as "die (מות ''mooth'')" is the same word in Genesis 2:17 "in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die (מות ''mooth'')."<ref>See Strong's numbers [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4191.htm 4191 '''מות''' ''mooth''] and [http://biblehub.com/hebrew/4383.htm 4383 '''מכשול''' ''mikshowl''].</ref> Adam and Eve did die that very day, not physically, but they did die and were dead that very same day, even while their bodies remained alive for a long while afterward, and while they were dead they suffered from that day forward, before they finally turned to dust (Genesis 2:17; 3:19).