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Kirchoff's voltage law (view source)

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'''Kirchoff's voltage law''' ('''KVL''') states that that the change in potential difference (in other words, the ''[[Electric potential|voltage drops]]'') in any closed electrical circuit must sum to 0.<ref name="Schwarz">Schwarz, Stephen E. and William G. Oldham. ''Electrical Engineering: An Introduction, 2e.'' Oxford University Press: 1993.</ref> A voltage drop is the change in voltage over any element in a [[circuit]].
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'''Kirchoff's voltage law''' ('''KVL''') states that that''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website][[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website][[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Brothers of Italy]]
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website][[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Brothers of Italy]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Italian Political Parties]]
 +
[[Category:Brothers of Italy]]
 +
the change in potential difference (in other words, the ''[[Electric potential|voltage drops]]'') in any closed electrical circuit must sum to 0.<ref name="Schwarz">Schwarz, Stephen E. and William G. Oldham. ''Electrical Engineering: An Introduction, 2e.'' Oxford University Press: 1993.</ref> A voltage drop is the change in voltage over any element in a [[circuit]].
    
KVL follows from the definition of electric potential and [[Conservation of Energy|conservation of energy]].<ref name="Schwarz" />
 
KVL follows from the definition of electric potential and [[Conservation of Energy|conservation of energy]].<ref name="Schwarz" />
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