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| − | '''Kirchoff's voltage law''' ('''KVL''') states that that''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref> | + | '''Kirchoff's voltage law''' ('''KVL''') states that that the change in potential difference (in other words, the ''[[Electric potential|voltage drops]]'') in any closed electrical circuit must sum to 0.<ref name="Schwarz">Schwarz, Stephen E. and William G. Oldham. ''Electrical Engineering: An Introduction, 2e.'' Oxford University Press: 1993.</ref> A voltage drop is the change in voltage over any element in a [[circuit]]. |
| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | ==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website][[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | {{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | {{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | ==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | ''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | ==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website][[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | {{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | {{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | ==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]''Brothers of Italy''' is a [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | ==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website][[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | {{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | {{reflist}}[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | ==References==[[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | *[https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ Official website]
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| − | [[conservative]] political party in [[Italy]]. It has become a moderately-sized party allied with [[Lega Nord]]. Its leader is Giorgia Meloni.<ref>Zampano, Giada (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/fa37b62daab246f2a9ccb0887284aaee Giorgia Meloni is rising star on Italy's far-right stage]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref>
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| − | the change in potential difference (in other words, the ''[[Electric potential|voltage drops]]'') in any closed electrical circuit must sum to 0.<ref name="Schwarz">Schwarz, Stephen E. and William G. Oldham. ''Electrical Engineering: An Introduction, 2e.'' Oxford University Press: 1993.</ref> A voltage drop is the change in voltage over any element in a [[circuit]].
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| | KVL follows from the definition of electric potential and [[Conservation of Energy|conservation of energy]].<ref name="Schwarz" /> | | KVL follows from the definition of electric potential and [[Conservation of Energy|conservation of energy]].<ref name="Schwarz" /> |