Changes

400 - 5th century

400 - 5th century

One of the earliest Christian dualist sects, [[Marcionism]], originated in eastern [[Anatolia]]. In fundamental opposition to orthodox catholic Christianity they promulgated the doctrine that the God of the Old Testament was an evil [[Demiurge]] that enslaved the spirits of human beings in mind-darkening prisons of physical matter (human bodies), in opposition to the Good God of the spiritual realm of light who sent Jesus to reveal the truth of divine ''gnosis'' "knowledge"<ref>There are suggestions of the beginning of a doctrine of false ''gnosis'' in the New Testament. For example, in 1&nbsp;Timothy 6:20-21 "''contradictions of what is falsely called knowledge''", "avoiding profane ''and'' vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called" KJV. See parallel passages at http://biblehub.com/1_timothy/6-20.htm.</ref>. The church Marcion himself established, appeared to die out around the 5th century, but currents of speculative gnostic and dualist thought continued in opposition to the doctrines of the Councils of [[Council of Nicaea|Nicaea 325]], [[First Council of Constantinople|Constantinople 381]], [[Council of Ephesus|Ephesus 431]] and [[Council of Chalcedon|Chalcedon 451]].

One of the earliest Christian dualist sects, [[Marcionism]], originated in eastern [[Anatolia]]. In fundamental opposition to orthodox catholic Christianity they promulgated the doctrine that the God of the Old Testament was an evil [[Demiurge]] that enslaved the spirits of human beings in mind-darkening prisons of physical matter (human bodies), in opposition to the Good God of the spiritual realm of light who sent Jesus to reveal the truth of divine ''gnosis'' "knowledge"<ref>There are suggestions of the beginning of a doctrine of false ''gnosis'' in the New Testament. For example, in 1&nbsp;Timothy 6:20-21 "''contradictions of what is falsely called knowledge''", "avoiding profane ''and'' vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called" KJV. See parallel passages at http://biblehub.com/1_timothy/6-20.htm.</ref>. The church Marcion himself established, appeared to die out around the 5th century, but currents of speculative gnostic and dualist thought continued in opposition to the doctrines of the Councils of [[Council of Nicaea|Nicaea 325]], [[Constantinople I|Constantinople 381]], [[Council of Ephesus|Ephesus 431]] and [[Council of Chalcedon|Chalcedon 451]].

500 - 6th century

500 - 6th century

The [[Second Council of Constantinople]] of A.D. 553 was called to resolve certain questions that were raised by the ''Definition of Chalcedon'' against [[Nestorianism]], the most important of which had to do with the unity of the two natures, God and man, in Jesus Christ. The Second Council of Constantinople confirmed the ''Definition of Chalcedon'', while emphasizing that Jesus Christ does not just embody God the Son, He is God the Son.

The [[Constantinople II|Second Council of Constantinople]] of A.D. 553 was called to resolve certain questions that were raised by the ''Definition of Chalcedon'' against [[Nestorianism]], the most important of which had to do with the unity of the two natures, God and man, in Jesus Christ. The Second Council of Constantinople confirmed the ''Definition of Chalcedon'', while emphasizing that Jesus Christ does not just embody God the Son, He is God the Son.

600 - 7th century

600 - 7th century