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'''Harlem''' is a district of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]; it is named after the Dutch town [[Haarlem]].  [[File:Harlem1.jpg|thumb|425px]]

'''Harlem''' is a district of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]; it is named after the Dutch town [[Haarlem]].  [[File:Harlem1.jpg|thumb|425px]]

The area was a far suburb until East European [[American Jews|Jews]] arrived 1890-1914, along with a large Italian-American element. It became largely black by 1920,with the migration of [[African-American]]s from [[the South]] and the Caribbean.  Many new arrivals had little education and came from isolated rural areas. They lacked elementary training in the most simple processes of good health and sanitation and urban living. With a death rate 42% greater than the remainder of New York City, Harlem became a center for quack healers. A large number of 'storefront' churches were established, but most of the ministers were probably charlatans of some kind. Harlem was one of the leading prostitution centers of Manhattan throughout the 1920s.<ref>Osofsky (1965)</ref>

The area was a far suburb until East European [[American Jews|Jews]] arrived 1890–1914, along with a large Italian-American element. It became largely black by 1920,with the migration of [[African-American]]s from [[the South]] and the Caribbean.  Many new arrivals had little education and came from isolated rural areas. They lacked elementary training in the most simple processes of good health and sanitation and urban living. With a death rate 42% greater than the remainder of New York City, Harlem became a center for quack healers. A large number of 'storefront' churches were established, but most of the ministers were probably charlatans of some kind. Harlem was one of the leading prostitution centers of Manhattan throughout the 1920s.<ref>Osofsky (1965)</ref>

==Politics==

==Politics==

The politics of the area was dominated for many years by [[Vito Marcantonio]], a fellow traveler of the far left.  Black political consciousness surged after a small riot in 1943. In 1944 [[Adam Clayton Powell]]  (1908-72) was elected to Congress, serving 1944-70. Powell was only the second black elected in the 20th century. He was a charismatic Black Baptist preacher and a leading liberal. His multiple scandals and prolonged absenteeism finally ruined his career.  Powell was defeated in the Democratic primary in 1970 by [[Charles Rangel]], a decorated Army hero who is just as liberal as Powell but not quite as corrupt.  Rangel now chairs the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, which writes the tax laws.  Rangel's Harlem is now only 28% black, as many Hispanics have moved in. The district votes 90% for Democrats in Presidential elections.

The politics of the area was dominated for many years by [[Vito Marcantonio]], a fellow traveler of the far left.  Black political consciousness surged after a small riot in 1943. In 1944 [[Adam Clayton Powell]]  (1908-72) was elected to Congress, serving 1944–70. Powell was only the second black elected in the 20th century. He was a charismatic Black Baptist preacher and a leading liberal. His multiple scandals and prolonged absenteeism finally ruined his career.  Powell was defeated in the Democratic primary in 1970 by [[Charles Rangel]], a decorated Army hero who is just as liberal as Powell but not quite as corrupt.  Rangel now chairs the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, which writes the tax laws.  Rangel's Harlem is now only 28% black, as many Hispanics have moved in. The district votes 90% for Democrats in Presidential elections.

==Harlem Renaissance==

==Harlem Renaissance==