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'''John Vliet Lindsay, Sr.''' (November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an [[United States|American]] [[attorney]], [[politician]], and broacaster who served two-terms as the [[mayor]] of [[New York City]] from 1966 to 1974. Considered perhaps the most [[liberal]] of any Republican in the country, Lindsay represented [[New York]]'s 17th "Silk Stocking" congressional district from 1959 to 1965.
'''John Vliet Lindsay, Sr.''' (November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an [[United States|American]] [[attorney]], [[politician]], and broacaster who served two-terms as the [[mayor]] of [[New York City]] from 1966 to 1974. Considered perhaps the most [[liberal]] of any [[Republican Party|Republican]] in the country, he was elected mayor in 1965. He defeated two more [[conservative]] opponents, [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] [[U.S. Representative]] Mario Procccacino and the ''[[National Review]]'' publisher [[William F. Buckley, Jr.]], the nominee of the New York Conservative Party, a breakaway from the GOP. When he lost the Republican nomination in 1969 to conservative state Senator John J. Marchi of [[Staten Island]], Lindsay temporarily switched to the banner of the New York Liberal Party to win the [[general election]].
By 1971, he had switched parties again to contest the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination to challenge the reelection of [[Richard M. Nixon]]. He was eliminated early in the contest, and the nomination went to the liberal [[U.S. Senator]] [[George McGovern]] of [[South Dakota]], who won only [[Massachusetts]] and the [[District of Columbia]].
By 1971, he had switched parties again to contest the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination to challenge the reelection of [[Richard M. Nixon]]. He was eliminated early in the contest, and the nomination went to the liberal [[U.S. Senator]] [[George McGovern]] of [[South Dakota]], who won only [[Massachusetts]] and the [[District of Columbia]].
Born on West End Avenue in the [[Manhattan]] borough, Lindsay was a son of George Nelson Lindsay, an investment banker and lawyer, and the former Florence Eleanor Vliet, hence his middle name. Lindsay attended exclusive private schools: the Buckley School in New York City, St. Paul's School in [[Concord]], [[New Hampshire]], and then [[Yale University]] and Yale Law School in New Haven, [[Connecticut]], from which he received his law degree in 1948. He joined the New York firm of Webster & Sheffield, of which he was later made a partner.<ref name=obit>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/21/nyregion/john-v-lindsay-mayor-and-maverick-dies-at-79.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=John V. Lindsay, Mayor and Maverick, Dies at 79|author=Robert D. McFadden|date= December 21, 2000|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|page=A1|accessdate=May 23, 2020}}</ref>
Born on West End Avenue in the [[Manhattan]] borough, Lindsay was a son of George Nelson Lindsay, an investment banker and lawyer, and the former Florence Eleanor Vliet, hence his middle name. Lindsay attended exclusive private schools: the Buckley School in New York City, St. Paul's School in [[Concord]], [[New Hampshire]], and then [[Yale University]] and Yale Law School in New Haven, [[Connecticut]], from which he received his law degree in 1948. He joined the New York firm of Webster & Sheffield, of which he was later made a partner.<ref name=obit>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/21/nyregion/john-v-lindsay-mayor-and-maverick-dies-at-79.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=John V. Lindsay, Mayor and Maverick, Dies at 79|author=Robert D. McFadden|date= December 21, 2000|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|page=A1|accessdate=May 23, 2020}}</ref>
In 1943, he joined the [[United States Navy]], in which he obtained the rank of lieutenant. He participated in the Pacific Theater of Operations and in the invasion of [[Sicily]]. He earned five battle stars.In 1949, when admitted to the bar, he married the former Mary Anne Harrison (1926-2004), whom he had met at the wedding of Nancy Walker Bush Ellis, a sister of later [[U.S. President]] [[George Herbert Walker Bush]]. He was a groomsman and she a bridesmaid. A distant relative of Presidents [[William Henry Harrison]] and [[Benjamin Harrison]], she graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. The couple had three daughters and a son, John, Jr. Mary was considered essential in the workings of the Lindsay administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/10/nyregion/mary-lindsay-a-force-as-the-mayor-s-wife-dies-at-77.html|title=Mary Lindsay, a Force as the Mayor's Wife, Dies at 77|author=Douglas Martin|publisher=''The New York Times]''|date=March 10, 2004|accessdate=May 23, 2020}}</ref>
In 1943, he joined the [[United States Navy]], in which he obtained the rank of lieutenant. He participated in the Pacific Theater of Operations and in the invasion of [[Sicily]]. He earned five battle stars. In 1949, when admitted to the bar, he married the former Mary Anne Harrison (1926-2004), whom he had met at the wedding of Nancy Walker Bush Ellis, a sister of later [[U.S. President]] [[George Herbert Walker Bush]]. He was a groomsman and she a bridesmaid. A distant relative of Presidents [[William Henry Harrison]] and [[Benjamin Harrison]], she graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. The couple had three daughters and a son, John, Jr. Mary was considered essential in the workings of the Lindsay administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/10/nyregion/mary-lindsay-a-force-as-the-mayor-s-wife-dies-at-77.html|title=Mary Lindsay, a Force as the Mayor's Wife, Dies at 77|author=Douglas Martin|publisher=''The New York Times]''|date=March 10, 2004|accessdate=May 23, 2020}}</ref>
In 1967, Lindsay was appointed by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] to serve on the Kerner Commission, which investigated the widespread racial unrest and looting in the middle 1960s. The commission report blamed "white racism" as the cause of the civil unrest. Throughout his career, Lindsay was a staunch advocate of [[civil rights]] legislation. The Lindsay administration faced a devastating blizzard in 1969 and strikes by sanitation workers, teachers, and transit personnel. Still, he won reelection by plurality in 1969 despite having lost the Republican nomination to Marchi. Though allied with many [[Moderate Republicans]] and liberal Republicans, such as [[Governor]] [[Nelson Rockefeller]] and [[U.S. Senator]] Jacob Javits, Lindsay surprised observers when he switched to the Democratic Party with more than two years left in his second term as mayor.
In 1967, Lindsay was appointed by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] to serve on the Kerner Commission, which investigated the widespread racial unrest and looting in the middle 1960s. The commission report blamed "white racism" as the cause of the civil unrest. Throughout his career, Lindsay was a staunch advocate of [[civil rights]] legislation. The Lindsay administration faced a devastating blizzard in 1969 and strikes by sanitation workers, teachers, and transit personnel. Still, he won reelection by plurality in 1969 despite having lost the Republican nomination to Marchi. Though allied with many [[Moderate Republicans]] and liberal Republicans, such as [[Governor]] [[Nelson Rockefeller]] and [[U.S. Senator]] Jacob Javits, Lindsay surprised observers when he switched to the Democratic Party with more than two years left in his second term as mayor.