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The first settlement in the area was made by Lemuel Kittrell about 1819 on the Current River. At this time, it was part of [[Wayne County, Missouri|Wayne County]], which had been created the previous year. Though the population remained low for some years to come, the construction of a road from Potosi in Washington County to Little Rock, [[Arkansas]] aided in movement, with particularly heavy construction near the future town of Doniphan. In 1833, the Missouri legislature organized a new county, which was named for General Eleazar W. Ripley, an American officer who had distinguished himself at the siege of Fort Erie in the War of 1812.<ref>https://collections.shsmo.org/manuscripts/columbia/C2366/ripley-county</ref> Upon its creation, the county included modern Carter, Howell, Oregon, and Shannon Counties, with its new county seat the seat of today's Carter County, Van Buren. Despite this large size, the county had a population of only 2,856 at the 1840 census.<ref>Robert Sidney Douglass, ''History of Southeast Missouri'' (1912), p. 180, 306.</ref>
The first settlement in the area was made by Lemuel Kittrell about 1819 on the Current River. At this time, it was part of [[Wayne County, Missouri|Wayne County]], which had been created the previous year. Though the population remained low for some years to come, the construction of a road from Potosi in Washington County to Little Rock, [[Arkansas]] aided in movement, with particularly heavy construction near the future town of Doniphan. In 1833, the Missouri legislature organized a new county, which was named for General Eleazar W. Ripley, an American officer who had distinguished himself at the siege of Fort Erie in the War of 1812.<ref>https://collections.shsmo.org/manuscripts/columbia/C2366/ripley-county</ref> Upon its creation, the county included modern Carter, Howell, Oregon, and Shannon Counties, with its new county seat the seat of today's Carter County, Van Buren. Despite this large size, the county had a population of only 2,856 at the 1840 census.<ref>Robert Sidney Douglass, ''History of Southeast Missouri'' (1912), p. 180, 306.</ref>
In the following years, the county's size was reduced, with Shannon being detached in 1841 and Oregon (then including Howell) in 1845. The separation of Carter County in 1859 brought Ripley near to its current dimensions, and required the selection of a new county seat; Doniphan, conveniently located on the Current River and near the county's geographic center, was chosen, with a courthouse built shortly afterward.
In the following years, the county's size was reduced, with Shannon being detached in 1841 and Oregon (then including Howell) in 1845. The separation of Carter County in 1859 brought Ripley near to its current dimensions, and required the selection of a new county seat; Doniphan, conveniently located on the Current River and near the county's geographic center, was chosen, with a courthouse built shortly afterward.
Ripley County was strongly pro-Southern in sympathies during the [[Civil War]], with at least four colonels in the [[Confederate]] Army hailing from it. Most of Doniphan, including the first courthouse, was burned by [[Union]] troops in 1864, though the records were saved, and the effects of the war and its chaotic aftermath made recovery slow. A new courthouse was not built until 1871; it in turn was destroyed by fire in 1898 and replaced with a third structure the following year. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the county prospered from logging as the virgin forests were cut, and later from agriculture, especially fruit orchards. Though the latter remains important, light manufacturing and tourism have also become significant in recent decades.
The Ripley County Courthouse has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places, and celebrated its 100th anniversary during the 1999 Labor Day Homecoming Festivities.<ref>https://www.ripleycountymissouri.org/history.php</ref>
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