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| | [[Image:Ncgj688.jpg|right|thumb|Jean Paul Sartre]] | | [[Image:Ncgj688.jpg|right|thumb|Jean Paul Sartre]] |
| − | '''Jean-Paul Sartre''' (1905-1980) was one of several popularizers of the [[philosophy]] of [[existentialism]]. Sartre's version of existentialism (different in minor components from those of his contemporaries, and modern existentialists) taught (consistent with his [[atheism]]) that life has no external meaning at all and that the moral obligation of every person was to find or define [[Subjectivism|subjective]] meaning of their own life (lest life be [[Atheism and meaninglessness|altogether meaningless]]).<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sartre/#4 ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'']</ref> Sartre did not solve the issue of the absence of objective meaning under an [[atheist worldview]] (see: [[Atheism and meaninglessness]]).<ref> | + | '''Jean-Paul Sartre''' (1905-1980) was one of several popularizers of the [[philosophy]] of [[existentialism]]. Sartre's version of existentialism (different in minor components from those of his contemporaries, and modern existentialists, and he disliked the term itself) taught (consistent with his [[atheism]]) that life has no external meaning at all and that the moral obligation of every person was to find or define [[Subjectivism|subjective]] meaning of their own life (lest life be [[Atheism and meaninglessness|altogether meaningless]]).<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sartre/#4 ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'']</ref> Sartre did not solve the issue of the absence of objective meaning under an [[atheist worldview]] (see: [[Atheism and meaninglessness]]).<ref> |
| | *[http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/can-life-have-meaning-without-god Can Life Have Meaning Without God?] by James Anderson | | *[http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/can-life-have-meaning-without-god Can Life Have Meaning Without God?] by James Anderson |
| | *[http://jwwartick.com/2011/01/03/atheism-meaningless/ Atheism’s Universe is Meaningless and Valueless] by J.W. Wartick, January 3, 2011 | | *[http://jwwartick.com/2011/01/03/atheism-meaningless/ Atheism’s Universe is Meaningless and Valueless] by J.W. Wartick, January 3, 2011 |
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| | *[http://www.oocities.org/athens/delphi/8449/atheism.html Atheism and Death: Why the atheist must face death with despair] By Dustin Shramek | | *[http://www.oocities.org/athens/delphi/8449/atheism.html Atheism and Death: Why the atheist must face death with despair] By Dustin Shramek |
| | *[http://pleaseconvinceme.com/2013/apathy-atheism-and-the-absurdity-of-life-without-god/ Apathy, Atheism, and the Absurdity of Life Without God] by Aaron Brake | | *[http://pleaseconvinceme.com/2013/apathy-atheism-and-the-absurdity-of-life-without-god/ Apathy, Atheism, and the Absurdity of Life Without God] by Aaron Brake |
| − | *[http://withalliamgod.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/the-meaningless-life-of-atheism/ The Meaningless Life Of Atheism] by Daniel Prayson, 2010</ref> He implies in his 1946 philosophical tract "Existentialism is a Humanism" that his philosophy was rooted ultimately in Dostoevsky's dictum of "If God doesn't exist, then everything is permitted" (which referred to the events of the Russian Nihilist movement), in particular trying to actually make everything permitted. His philosophy was also considered subversive enough that [[J. Edgar Hoover]], the head of the FBI at the time, ended up spying on both Sartre himself and his associate [[Albert Camus]] to see if they had any ties to the Communist party as well as whether they were planning any subversive actions in society, especially in light of the assassination of [[John F. Kennedy]] where Sartre was suspected of being the possible "second shooter."<ref>http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/arts-and-books/camus-sartre-fbi-hoover</ref> | + | *[http://withalliamgod.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/the-meaningless-life-of-atheism/ The Meaningless Life Of Atheism] by Daniel Prayson, 2010</ref> He implies in his 1946 philosophical tract "Existentialism is a Humanism" that his philosophy was rooted ultimately in Dostoevsky's dictum of "If God doesn't exist, then everything is permitted" (which referred to the events of the Russian Nihilist movement), in particular trying to actually make everything permitted. His philosophy was also considered subversive enough that [[J. Edgar Hoover]], the head of the FBI at the time, ended up spying on both Sartre himself and his associate [[Albert Camus]] to see if they had any ties to the Communist Party as well as whether they were planning any subversive actions in society.<ref>http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/arts-and-books/camus-sartre-fbi-hoover</ref> |
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| − | Sartre resisted the term "existentialism" but his embrace of his immoral philosophy may have been influenced by his habit of having sex while a professor with his female students. Sartre was also a [[Communist]], and was known to be in bed with the KGB,<ref name="Who was the Real Che?">http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=33786</ref> although he himself viewed his motives and beliefs as closer to anarchism.<ref name="nybooks4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1975/aug/07/sartre-at-seventy-an-interview/?page=4 |title=Sartre at Seventy: An Interview by Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Contat |work=The New York Review of Books |date=7 August 1975 |accessdate=31 May 2017|archivelink=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101050245/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1975/08/07/sartre-at-seventy-an-interview/}}</ref><ref name="raforum1">{{cite web|url=http://raforum.info/spip.php?article92 |title=R.A. Forum > Sartre par lui-même (Sartre by Himself) |publisher=Raforum.info |date=28 September 1966 |accessdate=31 May 2017 |archivelink=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202203851/http://raforum.info/spip.php?article92}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated21">"Interview with Jean-Paul Sartre" in ''The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre'', ed. P. A. Schilpp, p. 21.</ref> During his time as a Soviet supporter, he proceeded to write a little known book advocating for solidarity for the imprisoned Henri Martin after refusing to participate in the Indo-China War, called the ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>L'Affaire Henri Martin'' in 1953, and also infamously accused the old-fashioned parliamentary conservative Prime Minister Antoine Pinay of setting up a dictatorship.<ref>''Liberation'', 16 October 1952</ref> | + | Sartre had sexual relations with his female students, which may have influenced his preference for an amoral philosophy. Sartre was also a [[Communist]], and was known to be in bed with the KGB,<ref name="Who was the Real Che?">http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=33786</ref> although he himself viewed his motives and beliefs as closer to anarchism.<ref name="nybooks4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1975/aug/07/sartre-at-seventy-an-interview/?page=4 |title=Sartre at Seventy: An Interview by Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Contat |work=The New York Review of Books |date=7 August 1975 |accessdate=31 May 2017|archivelink=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101050245/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1975/08/07/sartre-at-seventy-an-interview/}}</ref><ref name="raforum1">{{cite web|url=http://raforum.info/spip.php?article92 |title=R.A. Forum > Sartre par lui-même (Sartre by Himself) |publisher=Raforum.info |date=28 September 1966 |accessdate=31 May 2017 |archivelink=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202203851/http://raforum.info/spip.php?article92}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated21">"Interview with Jean-Paul Sartre" in ''The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre'', ed. P. A. Schilpp, p. 21.</ref> During his time as a Soviet supporter, he proceeded to write a little known book advocating for solidarity for the imprisoned Henri Martin after refusing to participate in the Indo-China War, called the ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>L'Affaire Henri Martin'' in 1953, and also infamously accused the old-fashioned parliamentary conservative Prime Minister Antoine Pinay of setting up a dictatorship.<ref>''Liberation'', 16 October 1952</ref> |
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| | In addition, he chose to align himself with the Communists in 1952 despite his fellow left-wing intellectuals leaving the Communist Party in droves with the news of Stalin's crimes coming to the forefront. In response to this, he gave the following comments that completely contradicted his stance in his manifesto on commitment in ''Les Temps modernes'', "As we were not members of the Party or avowed sympathizers, it was not our duty to write about Soviet labour camps; we were free to remain aloof from quarrels over the nature of this system, provided no events of sociological significance occurred."<ref>Quoted in Walter Laqueur and G.L. Mosse, ''Literature and Politics in the Twentieth Century'' (New York, 1967), p. 25.</ref> | | In addition, he chose to align himself with the Communists in 1952 despite his fellow left-wing intellectuals leaving the Communist Party in droves with the news of Stalin's crimes coming to the forefront. In response to this, he gave the following comments that completely contradicted his stance in his manifesto on commitment in ''Les Temps modernes'', "As we were not members of the Party or avowed sympathizers, it was not our duty to write about Soviet labour camps; we were free to remain aloof from quarrels over the nature of this system, provided no events of sociological significance occurred."<ref>Quoted in Walter Laqueur and G.L. Mosse, ''Literature and Politics in the Twentieth Century'' (New York, 1967), p. 25.</ref> |