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*Nicholas II (r. 1894 - 1917) The autocratic power of the tsar was limited by a parliament called the Duma, which was created in 1906. The country was defeated by Germany in World War I. The Russian Revolution ousted the tsar in 1917.
*Nicholas II (r. 1894 - 1917) The autocratic power of the tsar was limited by a parliament called the Duma, which was created in 1906. The country was defeated by Germany in World War I. The Russian Revolution ousted the tsar in 1917.
== Heads of the House of Romanov (1917-present) ==
== Pretenders and heads of the House (1917-present) ==
The succession has been the subject of various disputes. But the Legitimist line given below is the most widely accepted:<ref>Horan, Brien, "[https://www.russianlegitimist.org/russian-imperial-succession The Russian Imperial Succession]," ''The Russian Legitimist'', 1997 to 2012.</ref>
The succession has been the subject of various disputes. But the Legitimist line is the most widely accepted and has the support of the patriarch of Moscow:<ref>Horan, Brien, "[https://www.russianlegitimist.org/russian-imperial-succession The Russian Imperial Succession]," ''The Russian Legitimist'', 1997 to 2012.<br/>"But most monarchist and monarchist historians consider Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna, who lives in Spain and France, to be the legitimate head of the house," Opfell, Olga S., ''[https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=9UFveIUgktIC&dq= Royalty Who Wait: The 21 Heads of Formerly Regnant Houses of Europe]'', 2001, p. 71.<br/>"Maria Vladimirovna is the most widely acknowledged pretender to the throne of Russia." Pruitt, Sarah, "[https://www.history.com/news/romanov-family-tree-descendants-imposters-claims The Romanov Family Tree: Real Descendants and Wannabes]," ''History.com'', March 29, 2019.<br/>Patriarch Kirill I recognizes Maria as head of the house: "Your Eminences! Maria Vladimirovna, Head of the Imperial House! Dear Fathers! Brothers and Sisters!" ("[http://www.imperialhouse.ru/en/interest/anniversary/3637.html The Head of the House of Romanoff visits St. Petersburg, Valaam, and the Island of Kizhi]," July 11-16, 2013).</ref>
{{Navbox
{{Navbox
| name = Pretenders and heads of the House of Romanov since 1917
| name = Pretenders and heads of the House of Romanov since 1917
| group1 = ''Vladimirovichi'' line<br/><small>Legitimist</small>
| group1 = ''Vladimirovichi'' line<br/><small>Legitimist</small>
| list1 =
| list1 =
• Tsar '''Nicholas II''' (1917-1918) (after abdication).<br/>
• '''Kirill Vladimirovich''' (1918–1938) • '''Vladimir Kirillovich''' (1938–1992) • '''Maria Vladimirovna''' (since 1992)<br/>• Heir: '''George Mikhailovich Romanov'''
• Grand Duke '''Kirill Vladimirovich''' (1918–1938). Proclaimed "curator of the throne" (1922) and "emperor" (1924).<br/>
• Grand Duke '''Vladimir Kirillovich''' (1938–1992), son of Kirill.<br/>
• Grand Duchess '''Maria Vladimirovna''' (since 1992), daughter of Vladimir.<br/>
• Heir: Grand Duke '''George Mikhailovich,''' son of Maria.
| group2 = ''Nikolaevichi → Mikhailovichi'' line<br/><small>Romanov Family Association</small>
| group2 = ''Nikolaevichi → Mikhailovichi'' line<br/><small>Romanov Family Association</small>
| list2 =
| list2 =
• '''Nicholas Romanov''' (1992–2014) • '''Dimitri Romanov''' (2014–2016) • '''Andrew Romanov''' (since 2016)<br/>• Heir: '''Alexis'''
• Prince '''Nicholas Romanov''' (1992–2014), son Prince Roman Petrovich and Countess Praskovia Dmitrievna Sheremeteva.<br/>
• Prince '''Dimitri Romanov''' (2014–2016), brother of Nicholas.<br/>
• Prince '''Andrew Romanov''' (since 2016), son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich and Elisabetta Sasso-Ruffo, daughter of Italian duke.<br/>
• Heir: Prince '''Alexis''', son of Andrew
| group3 = Leiningen line
| group3 = Leiningen line
|below =
|below =
}}
}}
Nicholas II, his wife, and five children were killed at Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Siberia in July 1918 as the Bolsheviks hunted down the former imperial family.<ref>"[https://www.9news.com.au/world/romanovs-house-3d/27e0c473-7541-4e8d-bfe9-704b96a793db See inside Ipatiev House where the Russian Royals were executed]," nine.com.au, Jul 19, 2017.</ref> Four princes were thrown down a mine shaft alive and then stoned to death.<ref>Opfell, p. 75.</ref> After years of concealment and lies, investigator Nikolai Sokolov revealed the fate of the family in 1924.
The murder of Nicholas, his son Alexei Nikolaevich (1904 – 1918), and his brother Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich (1878 – 1918) left Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich (1876 - 1938) as next in line. Many monarchists disliked Kirill or viewed him as a traitor. They refused to treat him as head of the house until Sokolov's report was published. When Kirill died in October 1938, the five most senior Romanovs signed a statement accepting his son Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich (1917 – 1992) as successor.<ref>These were Grand Duke Boris, Grand Duke Andrew, Grand Duke Dmitry, Prince Vsevelod, and Prince Gavriel. See Horan.</ref>
== Equal marriage dispute ==
== Equal marriage dispute ==