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→Eisenhower Administration
===Eisenhower Administration===
===Eisenhower Administration===
[[File:McGranery and Brownell in 1952.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Then-Attorney General James McGranery (left) and Brownell in 1952.]]
[[File:McGranery and Brownell in 1952.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Then-Attorney General James McGranery (left) and Brownell in 1952.]]
Brownell was successful in his efforts for President Eisenhower to appoint pro-civil rights judges into federal judicial positions.<ref name=chicagotribune>New York Times News Service (May 4, 1996). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-05-04-9605040085-story.html HERBERT BROWNELL JR., IKE'S ATTORNEY GENERAL]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref><ref name=wapo>Barnes, Bart (May 3, 1996). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/05/03/herbert-brownell-dies-at-92/46883d83-9991-4f61-aa4a-33f7d504c9ab/ HERBERT BROWNELL DIES AT 92]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> He proved crucial in the appointment of [[Earl Warren]] to the [[United States Supreme Court]], led the [[DOJ]] in filing a brief to the Court in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', and later convinced Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce integration in [[Arkansas]] during the [[Little Rock]] crisis.<ref name=wapo/><ref name=americanthinker>Zak, Michael (February 20, 2007). [https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/02/herbert_brownell_gop_civil_rig.html Herbert Brownell, GOP civil rights hero]. ''American Thinker''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://law.jrank.org/pages/4903/Brownell-Herbert-Jr.html Herbert Brownell Jr.]. ''American Law and Legal Information''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref>
Brownell was successful in his efforts for President Eisenhower to appoint pro-civil rights judges into federal judicial positions.<ref name=chicagotribune>New York Times News Service (May 4, 1996). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-05-04-9605040085-story.html HERBERT BROWNELL JR., IKE'S ATTORNEY GENERAL]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref><ref name=wapo>Barnes, Bart (May 3, 1996). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/05/03/herbert-brownell-dies-at-92/46883d83-9991-4f61-aa4a-33f7d504c9ab/ HERBERT BROWNELL DIES AT 92]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> He proved crucial in the appointment of [[Earl Warren]] to the [[United States Supreme Court]],<ref>[https://unlcms.unl.edu/journalism2/cojmc/alumni/jnews/archive/98_spring/interview.html Historian highlights Nebraskans' contributions]. ''College of Journalism and Mass Communications Archive''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> led the [[DOJ]] in filing a brief to the Court in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', and later convinced Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce integration in [[Arkansas]] during the [[Little Rock]] crisis.<ref name=wapo/><ref name=americanthinker>Zak, Michael (February 20, 2007). [https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/02/herbert_brownell_gop_civil_rig.html Herbert Brownell, GOP civil rights hero]. ''American Thinker''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://law.jrank.org/pages/4903/Brownell-Herbert-Jr.html Herbert Brownell Jr.]. ''American Law and Legal Information''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref>
Brownell wrote the original version of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], and the legislation was submitted to Congress by Eisenhower.<ref name=americanthinker/> After passing the House with most of the opposition from [[Democrats]],<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42 HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> the bill was weakened in the Senate under the direction of then-[[Senate Majority Leader|Majority Leader]] [[Lyndon B. Johnson]],<ref>[https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-Civil-Rights-Act-of-1957/ The Civil Rights Act of 1957]. ''Us House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> who pushed through a jury trial amendment to compromise with [[segregation]]ists.<ref>DiEugenio, James (October 7, 2018). [https://kennedysandking.com/reviews/the-kennedys-and-civil-rights-how-the-msm-continues-to-distort-history-part-2 The Kennedys and Civil Rights: How the MSM Continues to Distort History, Part 2]. ''Kennedys and King''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> In order to prevent the Democrats on the national level as being viewed as civil rights obstructionists, Johnson ensured that rather than the bill going down in a filibuster by the Southern Democrats, the legislation be weakened to prevent progress if enacted. The Senate passed on July 24th an amendment which removed authority for the attorney general to intervene in civil rights cases,<ref name=encyclopedia.com/><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s71 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO DELETE AUTHORITY FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK PREVENTIVE RELIEF IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> and on August 2nd the jury trial amendment.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s73 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO GUARANTEE JURY TRIALS IN ALL CASES OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT AND PROVIDE UNIFORM METHODS FOR SELECTING FEDERAL COURT JURIES.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> Only ''then'' was the Act passed by the Senate,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> which Eisenhower still signed into law.
Brownell wrote the original version of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], and the legislation was submitted to Congress by Eisenhower.<ref name=americanthinker/> After passing the House with most of the opposition from [[Democrats]],<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42 HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> the bill was weakened in the Senate under the direction of then-[[Senate Majority Leader|Majority Leader]] [[Lyndon B. Johnson]],<ref>[https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-Civil-Rights-Act-of-1957/ The Civil Rights Act of 1957]. ''Us House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> who pushed through a jury trial amendment to compromise with [[segregation]]ists.<ref>DiEugenio, James (October 7, 2018). [https://kennedysandking.com/reviews/the-kennedys-and-civil-rights-how-the-msm-continues-to-distort-history-part-2 The Kennedys and Civil Rights: How the MSM Continues to Distort History, Part 2]. ''Kennedys and King''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> In order to prevent the Democrats on the national level as being viewed as civil rights obstructionists, Johnson ensured that rather than the bill going down in a filibuster by the Southern Democrats, the legislation be weakened to prevent progress if enacted. The Senate passed on July 24th an amendment which removed authority for the attorney general to intervene in civil rights cases,<ref name=encyclopedia.com/><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s71 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO DELETE AUTHORITY FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK PREVENTIVE RELIEF IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> and on August 2nd the jury trial amendment.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s73 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO GUARANTEE JURY TRIALS IN ALL CASES OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT AND PROVIDE UNIFORM METHODS FOR SELECTING FEDERAL COURT JURIES.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> Only ''then'' was the Act passed by the Senate,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> which Eisenhower still signed into law.