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Interpreting the remark as a challenge to his authority, Robinson compelled the senators by a near unanimous vote to pledge their continued support to him.<ref name=senate/>
Interpreting the remark as a challenge to his authority, Robinson compelled the senators by a near unanimous vote to pledge their continued support to him.<ref name=senate/>
Though Smith lost to Republican Herbert Hoover, Robinson emerged from the campaign a national figure, now known for the impassioned speeches he had made around the country on behalf of Smith and the Democratic platform. He continued to score victories as the Senate minority leader, but his cooperative relationship with Hoover riled the members of his party. They understood that no other senator possessed Robinson's perseverance and influence.<ref name=senate/>
Though Smith lost to Republican Herbert Hoover, Robinson emerged from the campaign a national figure, now known for the impassioned speeches he had made around the country on behalf of Smith and the Democratic platform. He continued to score victories as the Senate minority leader, but his cooperative relationship with Hoover riled the members of his party. They understood that no other senator possessed Robinson's perseverance and influence.<ref name=senate/>
Robinson became Senate Majority Leader by a unanimous vote in 1933 when the Democrats gained a large majority. He was the first Democrat to serve as the formally designated Majority Leader. He took his duties seriously, having refused to delegate his numerous responsibilities to other senators.<ref name=senate/> Some Senators resented his autocratic style. In debate he often grew red in the face, pounded his desk, and stomped his feet.<ref>Donald C. Bacon, "Joseph Taylor Robinson, The Good Soldier," in ''First Among Equals: Outstanding Senate leaders of the 20th century,'' Congressional Quarterly, Inc., p. 64.</ref>
Robinson became Senate Majority Leader by a unanimous vote in 1933 when the Democrats gained a large majority. He was the first Democrat to serve as the formally designated Majority Leader. He took his duties seriously, having refused to delegate his numerous responsibilities to other senators.<ref name=senate/> Some Senators resented his autocratic style. In debate he often grew red in the face, pounded his desk, and stomped his feet.<ref>Donald C. Bacon, "Joseph Taylor Robinson, The Good Soldier," in ''First Among Equals: Outstanding Senate leaders of the 20th century,'' Congressional Quarterly, Inc., p. 64.</ref>
In 1935, liberal Democrat senators Edward P. Costigan of [[Colorado]] and Robert F. Wagner of [[New York]], being part of the minority faction of the congressional [[New Deal Coalition]] which supported [[civil rights]], introduced the Costigan-Wagner [[anti-lynching bill]].<ref>Simkin, John. [https://spartacus-educational.com/USAcostiganwagner.htm Costigan-Wagner Act]. ''Spartacus Educational''. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</ref> When the Senate was deadlocked over the bill as Democrats fought tooth and nail to defeat it, a motion was made to adjourn, which Robinson joined fellow racist Southerners and some Northern Democrats in voting for.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/74-1/s53 TO ADJOURN. THE PENDING BUSINESS IS S. 24, A BILL TO PREVENT LYNCHING, ON WHICH THE SENATE WAS DEADLOCKED.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</ref>
The Costigan-Wagner Act was ultimately defeated, and later anti-lynching legislation such as the Gavagan-Wagner Act and Gavagan-[[Hamilton Fish, III|Fish]] Act also proved unable to pass the U.S. Senate due to filibusters by the Southern bloc.
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