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'''John Steinbeck''' (b.1902 in Salinas, California - d.1968 in NYC) was an [[American]] author who attended [[Stanford University]] without graduating.  He wrote the [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning novel ''The Grapes of Wrath'' (1939), which was the best-selling book of that year with sales of 430,000 by February 1940.  He also wrote fifteen other novels, six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories. In 1962 Steinbeck received the [[Nobel Prize]] for Literature.  On the personal side, he forced his first wife to have an [[abortion]] against her desire to keep the baby; the abortion was botched to her severe harm.<ref>https://thebridgehead.ca/2020/01/10/how-the-curse-of-abortion-has-haunted-americas-literary-greats/</ref>  They divorced in 1943, and soon afterwards Steinbeck married Gwedolyn “Gwyn” Conger, and they had two children.

'''John Steinbeck''' (b.1902 in Salinas, California - d.1968 in NYC) was an [[American]] author who attended [[Stanford University]] without graduating.  He wrote the [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning novel ''The Grapes of Wrath'' (1939), which was the best-selling book of that year with sales of 430,000 by February 1940.  He also wrote fifteen other novels, six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories. In 1962 Steinbeck received the [[Nobel Prize]] for Literature.  On the personal side, he forced his first wife to have an [[abortion]] against her desire to keep the baby; the abortion was botched to her severe harm.<ref>https://thebridgehead.ca/2020/01/10/how-the-curse-of-abortion-has-haunted-americas-literary-greats/</ref>  They divorced in 1943, and soon afterwards Steinbeck married Gwedolyn “Gwyn” Conger, a 20-year-old jazz singer 17 years younger than Steinbeck, and they had two children. In 1948 they divorced, and in 1950 Steinbeck married his third wife, Elaine Scott.<ref>https://sits.sjsu.edu/context/influencers/</ref>

Steinbeck grew up in and spent most of his writing career in [[California]].  Some of his works have been made into movies, including ''Cannery Row'' (1945), ''The Pearl'' (1947), ''Of Mice and Men'' (1939) and ''East of Eden'' (1952) (which was turned into a successful movie).  Steinbeck was successful as a Hollywood writer, receiving an [[Academy Award]] nomination for Best Story in 1944 for [[Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock's]] ''Lifeboat''.

Steinbeck grew up in and spent most of his writing career in [[California]].  Some of his works have been made into movies, including ''Cannery Row'' (1945), ''The Pearl'' (1947), ''Of Mice and Men'' (1939) and ''East of Eden'' (1952) (which was turned into a successful movie).  Steinbeck was successful as a Hollywood writer, receiving an [[Academy Award]] nomination for Best Story in 1944 for [[Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock's]] ''Lifeboat''.