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The U.S. Army controlled CCC camp administration and operations, and the [[Wilsonian]] policy of racial segregation transferred over to the new civilian workforce. Most of the CCC's quarter million African-American enrollees served in segregated companies and were unable to attain positions of authority.<ref>The Progressive Republican states of Wisconsin and Minnesota had integrated camps.</ref> Some Southern states categorically excluded blacks, arguing that they were needed for growing and harvesting cotton.<ref>[https://livingnewdeal.org/just-way-segregation-ccc-2/ Just the way society was.” Segregation in the CCC], December 28, 2014.</ref>
The U.S. Army controlled CCC camp administration and operations, and the [[Wilsonian]] policy of racial segregation transferred over to the new civilian workforce. Most of the CCC's quarter million African-American enrollees served in segregated companies and were unable to attain positions of authority.<ref>The Progressive Republican states of Wisconsin and Minnesota had integrated camps.</ref> Some Southern states categorically excluded blacks, arguing that they were needed for growing and harvesting cotton.<ref>[https://livingnewdeal.org/just-way-segregation-ccc-2/ Just the way society was.” Segregation in the CCC], December 28, 2014.</ref>
====Tuskegee syphilis experiment====
:{{See also|Tuskegee syphilis experiment}}
[[File:Tuskegee experiment.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Tuskegee experiment during the New Deal.<ref>https://ghionjournal.com/tuskegee-institute-study-2-0-targeting-african-americans/</ref>]]
The study was initially funded by the private Rosenwald Fund. However, The Fund ended its involvement due to lack of matching state funds, and the federal government under the heavily [[Democratic party|Democrat]] 73rd Congress took over the funding.<ref>https://www.slu.edu/law/academics/journals/health-law-policy/pdfs/issues/v1-i2/menikoff_article.pdf</ref> According to the 1995 Abstract to ''The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: [[biotechnology]] and the [[administrative state]]:''
{{quotebox-float|"The central issue of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was [[property]]: property in the body and [[intellectual property]]. Once removed from the body, tissue and body fluids were not legally the property of the Tuskegee subjects. Consequently, there was not a direct relationship between a patient and research that used his sera. The Public Health Service (PHS) was free to exercise its property right in Tuskegee sera to develop serologic tests for syphilis with commercial potential. To camouflage the true meaning, the PHS made a distinction between direct clinical studies and indirect studies of tissue and body fluids. This deception caused all reviews to date to limit their examination to documents labeled by the PHS as directly related to the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. This excluded other information in the public domain. Despite the absence of a clinical protocol, this subterfuge led each to falsely conclude that the Tuskagee Syphilis Experiment was a clinical study. Based on publications of indirect research using sera and cerebrospinal fluid, this article conceives a very history of the Tuskagee Syphilis Experiment. Syphilis could only cultivate in living beings. As in [[slavery]], the generative ability of the body made the Tuskegee subjects real property and gave untreated syphilis and the sera of the Tuskegee subjects immense commercial value. Published protocols exploited the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment to invent and commercialize biotechnology for the applied science of syphilis [[serology]].<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7869408/</ref>}}
Jinbin Park of Kyung Hee University reports,<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Jinbin-Park-2137382871</ref>
{{quotebox-float|"the growing influence of [[eugenics]] and [[racial]] pathology at the time reinforced discriminative views on minorities. [[Progressivism]] was realized in the form of domestic reform and imperial pursuit at the same time. Major medical journals argued that [[blacks]] were inclined to have certain defects, especially [[sexually transmitted diseases]] like syphilis, because of their prodigal behavior and lack of hygiene. This kind of racial ideas were shared by the PHS [Public Health Service] officials who were in charge of the Tuskegee Study. Lastly, the PHS officials believed in continuing the experiment regardless of various social changes. They considered that black participants were not only poor but also ignorant of and even unwilling to undergo the treatment. When the exposure of the experiment led to the [[Senate]] investigation in 1973, the participating doctors of the PHS maintained that their study offered valuable contribution to the medical research. This paper argues that the combination of the efficiency of military medicine, [[progressive]] and imperial racial [[ideology]], and [[discrimination]] on [[African-American]]s resulted in the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment.}}
====Housing discrimination becomes law====
====Housing discrimination becomes law====