Changes

In [[Oregon]] during 1922, the Klan and their ally Gov. [[Walter M. Pierce]] successfully pushed to end [[school choice]] with the Compulsory Public Education Act,<ref>[https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/packets/1 "Mixing the Devil's Broth": The KKK and the Compulsory Education Act of 1922]. ''Oregon Encyclopedia''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref><ref>Donohue, Bill (June 30, 2020). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/bill-donohue/scotus-school-choice-decision-win-against-anti-catholic-bigotry SCOTUS School Choice Decision Is a Win Against Anti-Catholic Bigotry]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> which required all children in the state to attend [[public schools]] where their minds could not be free from [[indoctrination]].<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/law/court-cases/pierce-v-society-sisters Pierce v. Society of Sisters]. ''encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2012/oralpres/6/ The Quiet Bigotry of Oregon's Compulsory Public Education Act]. ''PDXScholar''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>Kirsanow, Peter (March 3, 2021). [https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/no-escape-from-progressive-education/ No Escape from Progressive Education]. ''National Review''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> It effectively shut down private Catholic schools, which the KKK despised.<ref>Streit, Katie (July 22, 2020). [https://kobi5.com/news/local-news/the-history-of-racism-in-southern-oregon-part-two-133142/ The history of racism in Southern Oregon: part two]. ''KOTI-TV-NBC2''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref> The measure was supported by the public school establishment and opposed by blacks, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, and Adventists. It was struck down three years later by the unanimous [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] decision in ''[[Pierce v. Society of Sisters]]'', with the opinion notably stating:<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters/>

In [[Oregon]] during 1922, the Klan and their ally Gov. [[Walter M. Pierce]] successfully pushed to end [[school choice]] with the Compulsory Public Education Act,<ref>[https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/packets/1 "Mixing the Devil's Broth": The KKK and the Compulsory Education Act of 1922]. ''Oregon Encyclopedia''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref><ref>Donohue, Bill (June 30, 2020). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/bill-donohue/scotus-school-choice-decision-win-against-anti-catholic-bigotry SCOTUS School Choice Decision Is a Win Against Anti-Catholic Bigotry]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> which required all children in the state to attend [[public schools]] where their minds could not be free from [[indoctrination]].<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/law/court-cases/pierce-v-society-sisters Pierce v. Society of Sisters]. ''encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2012/oralpres/6/ The Quiet Bigotry of Oregon's Compulsory Public Education Act]. ''PDXScholar''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>Kirsanow, Peter (March 3, 2021). [https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/no-escape-from-progressive-education/ No Escape from Progressive Education]. ''National Review''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> It effectively shut down private Catholic schools, which the KKK despised.<ref>Streit, Katie (July 22, 2020). [https://kobi5.com/news/local-news/the-history-of-racism-in-southern-oregon-part-two-133142/ The history of racism in Southern Oregon: part two]. ''KOTI-TV-NBC2''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref> The measure was supported by the public school establishment and opposed by blacks, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, and Adventists. It was struck down three years later by the unanimous [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] decision in ''[[Pierce v. Society of Sisters]]'', with the opinion notably stating:<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters/>

{{cquote|The child is not the mere creature of the state.}}

{{cquote|The child is not the mere creature of the state.}}

At the 1924 Democratic National Convention, the big fight was over a resolution denouncing the Klan; party elder statesman and three-time presidential nominee [[William Jennings Bryan]], spoke for two hours in opposition to the plank condemning the Klan by name.<ref>https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/240629convention-dem-ra.html</ref>

At the 1924 Democratic National Convention, the big fight was over a resolution denouncing the Klan; party elder statesman and three-time presidential nominee [[William Jennings Bryan]], spoke for two hours in opposition to the plank condemning the Klan by name.<ref>https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/240629convention-dem-ra.html</ref> After furious debate, the resolution failed by a vote of 542.85 in favor to 546.15 opposed.<ref>[http://armored-column.com/the-democratic-klanbake-1924/ Democratic "Klanbake" Convention]</ref> The soaring temperatures gave the convention the name, the Klanbake. At its peak in the mid-1920s, the KKK claimed to include about 15% of the nation's eligible voters, approximately 4–5 million people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730 |title=Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century |author=Lay, Shawn |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia |publisher=Coker College }}</ref> The Klan split within the Democratic party over cultural issues, especially [[Prohibition]], which facilitated Republican landslides in 1920, 1924 and 1928.  A series of scandals rocked the KKK's reputation and the group somewhat faded after the 1924 Democratic National Convention.

 

After furious debate, the resolution failed by a vote of 542.85 in favor to 546.15 opposed.<ref>[http://armored-column.com/the-democratic-klanbake-1924/ Democratic "Klanbake" Convention]</ref> The soaring temperatures gave the convention the name, the Klanbake. At its peak in the mid-1920s, the KKK claimed to include about 15% of the nation's eligible voters, approximately 4–5 million people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730 |title=Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century |author=Lay, Shawn |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia |publisher=Coker College }}</ref> The Klan split within the Democratic party over cultural issues, especially [[Prohibition]], which facilitated Republican landslides in 1920, 1924 and 1928.  A series of scandals rocked the KKK's reputation and the group somewhat faded after the 1924 Democratic National Convention.

In 1937 President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] appointed Alabama Senator [[Hugo Black]] to the Supreme Court. Black was a member of the Ku Klux Klan and built his career campaigning at Klan meetings.  In ''[[Korematsu v. United States]]'', Black voted to uphold [[President Roosevelt]]'s mass arrests and incarceration of [[Japanese]] men, women, and children based on [[race]].<ref>[https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-korematsu-v-us Facts and Case Summary — Korematsu v. U.S.]. ''United States Courts''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref>

In 1937 President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] appointed Alabama Senator [[Hugo Black]] to the Supreme Court. Black was a member of the Ku Klux Klan and built his career campaigning at Klan meetings.  In ''[[Korematsu v. United States]]'', Black voted to uphold [[President Roosevelt]]'s mass arrests and incarceration of [[Japanese]] men, women, and children based on [[race]].<ref>[https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-korematsu-v-us Facts and Case Summary — Korematsu v. U.S.]. ''United States Courts''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref>