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Allison ran for [[United States Senate]] in the 1870 midterms to succeed Grimes, though lost the primary to James B. Howell, a member of the opposing party faction.<ref name=bio/> However, he rebounded politically in the following 1872 elections, obtaining the Republican nomination for the race pertaining to Iowa's other Senate seat and winning the general election uncontested.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=391317 IA US Senate Race - Jan 18, 1872]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref>

Allison ran for [[United States Senate]] in the 1870 midterms to succeed Grimes, though lost the primary to James B. Howell, a member of the opposing party faction.<ref name=bio/> However, he rebounded politically in the following 1872 elections, obtaining the Republican nomination for the race pertaining to Iowa's other Senate seat and winning the general election uncontested.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=391317 IA US Senate Race - Jan 18, 1872]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref>

Re-elected numerous times, Allison's Senate tenure was marked by his influence on regulation, railroad, and tariff policy.<ref name=bio/> Initially retaining the moderate stances he was known for during his House years, Allison over time sided with protectionists.

Re-elected numerous times, Allison's Senate tenure was marked by his influence on regulation, railroad, and tariff policy.<ref name=bio/> Initially retaining the moderate stances he was known for during his House years, Allison over time sided with protectionists. He also allied with the [[Stalwart]]s, the conservative wing of the GOP in the late 1870s and early 1880s which opposed civil service reform out of concern for the plight of Southern blacks.

In 1887, Sen. Allison stated to an audience at [[Iowa State University]]:<ref name=bio/>

In 1887, Sen. Allison stated to an audience at [[Iowa State University]]:<ref name=bio/>