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→Identifying propaganda
Propaganda typically takes any of these forms, or a combination of them:
Propaganda typically takes any of these forms, or a combination of them:
[[File:Ukrainian nazis.PNG|right|300px|thumb|More Nazi propaganda from [[Russo-Ukraine war]].]]
[[File:Ukrainian nazis.PNG|right|500px|thumb|More Nazi propaganda from [[Russo-Ukraine war]].]]
# Name calling. This is the crudest and least savory form of [[Logical fallacy#Argumentum ad hominem|argumentum ad hominem]]. It consists of labeling the other cause, or a generic or particular adherent of that cause, with a noun or adjective having a decidedly negative "buzz" or "charge." Name-calling is also a part of the [[Logical fallacy#Genetic fallacy|genetic fallacy]] of endorsing, or casting doubt upon, a proposition merely by calling attention to its source, when the nature of the source does not bear on the truth value of the propositions that come from that source.
# Name calling. This is the crudest and least savory form of [[Logical fallacy#Argumentum ad hominem|argumentum ad hominem]]. It consists of labeling the other cause, or a generic or particular adherent of that cause, with a noun or adjective having a decidedly negative "buzz" or "charge." Name-calling is also a part of the [[Logical fallacy#Genetic fallacy|genetic fallacy]] of endorsing, or casting doubt upon, a proposition merely by calling attention to its source, when the nature of the source does not bear on the truth value of the propositions that come from that source.
# Half-truths, or lies of omission, in which facts which support the distributor are spread while deliberately neglecting facts which would pose difficulty.
# Half-truths, or lies of omission, in which facts which support the distributor are spread while deliberately neglecting facts which would pose difficulty.
# Distortions of fact.
# Distortions of fact.
# Extreme pronouncements, which are a form of [[Logical fallacy#Overgeneralization|over-generalizations]].
# Extreme pronouncements, which are a form of [[Logical fallacy#Overgeneralization|over-generalizations]].
[[File:Reuters Izium fake news.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Reuters withdrew the initial attempt by the Zelensky regime to create another false narrative about alleged Russian massacres.<ref>https://www.moonofalabama.org/2022/09/ukraine-dissecting-some-war-propaganda-news-items-addendum.html</ref>]]
# Intimidation. This may include [[Logical fallacy#Proof by numbers|arguing from the numbers]] or reminding an opponent of the power of the particular individual or group engaging in the intimidation—or of an individual or group for which one claims to speak.
# Intimidation. This may include [[Logical fallacy#Proof by numbers|arguing from the numbers]] or reminding an opponent of the power of the particular individual or group engaging in the intimidation—or of an individual or group for which one claims to speak.
# Using abridged or out-of-context quotes to give a false impression, aka [[Quote mining]].
# Using abridged or out-of-context quotes to give a false impression, aka [[Quote mining]].