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Biblical chronology dispute (view source)

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# The genealogy in the [[Bible]] from [[Adam]] to [[Noah]], the date of the [[Great Flood]] in relation to [[Creation]], and the further genealogy from [[Shem]] son of Noah to [[Terah]] father of [[Abraham]], make a continuous timeline that all four camps accept virtually without question.

# The further genealogy from [[Abraham]] through [[Isaac]] and [[Jacob]] and his sons forms another unquestioned interval of time--though the date of the ''birth'' of Abraham is in dispute (see below).

−

# The groundbreaking of the [[Temple of Jerusalem]] took place in the 480th year following the [[Exodus of Israel out of Egypt|Exodus]] from [[Egypt]]. This simple statement<ref>{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}</ref> ''does'' represent a point of dispute between these three camps on one hand, and the Late Date Camp on another. Specifically, the Thiele and Ussher camps are only forty-five years apart on the date of the Exodus, while the Late Date Camp dates the Exodus in 1290 BC, 201 years later than Ussher and 156 years later than Thiele. This would, if it could be shown, compress the period of the [[Judges]] greatly.

+

# The groundbreaking of the [[Temple of Jerusalem]] took place in the 480th year following the [[Exodus of Israel out of Egypt|Exodus]] from [[Egypt]]. This simple statement<ref>{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1}}</ref> ''does'' represent a point of dispute between these three camps on one hand, and the Late Date Camp on another. Specifically, the Thiele and Ussher camps are only forty-five years apart on the date of the Exodus, while the Late Date Camp dates the Exodus in 1290 BC, 201 years later than Ussher and 156 years later than Thiele. This would, if it could be shown, compress the period of the [[Judges]] greatly.

== Key Points of Dispute ==

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Ussher's chief warrant for assuming this later date for Abraham's birth was the placement of the description of Abraham's departure after the account of Terah's death. He assumed that the Bible listed events in the order in which they took place. Modern Ussherites, among them [[Larry Pierce]], assume the same. But in addition, [[Stephen]], testifying before the [[Sanhedrin]] in [[Jerusalem]] at his [[blasphemy]] trial, said this of Abraham:{{Bible quote|Then came he out of the land of the [[Chaldea]]ns, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.|book=Acts|chap=7|verses=4|version=KJV}}

−

The key to supporting the late-birth assumption is further assuming that ''dead'' means only ''physically dead.'' Ample precedent exists for the listing of certain events out of their strict order of occurrence, and in a more logical grouping by the life of the person involved. {{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=1-32~~|version=NASB~~}} is a perfect example of this. One can see further examples in the King Lists in I and II Kings. But the key point that critics of the late-birth assumption make is that the phrase "when his father was dead" could refer to a ''spiritual'' death that [[God]] reckoned when Terah forgot his initial purpose in taking his family out of their home city of [[Ur of the Chaldees]].

+

The key to supporting the late-birth assumption is further assuming that ''dead'' means only ''physically dead.'' Ample precedent exists for the listing of certain events out of their strict order of occurrence, and in a more logical grouping by the life of the person involved. {{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=1-32}} is a perfect example of this. One can see further examples in the King Lists in I and II Kings. But the key point that critics of the late-birth assumption make is that the phrase "when his father was dead" could refer to a ''spiritual'' death that [[God]] reckoned when Terah forgot his initial purpose in taking his family out of their home city of [[Ur of the Chaldees]].

=== The Sojourn in Egypt ===

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And this:{{Bible quote|Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.|book=Exodus|chap=12|verses=40-41|version=KJV}}

But [[Paul]] in his Letter to the [[Galatians]] observed:{{Bible quote|Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ. And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.|book=Galatians|chap=3|verses=16-17|version=KJV}}

−

From that last, Ussher assumed that the 430-year sojourn must have begun ''when Abraham entered [[Canaan]] for the first time.'' His modern critics and opponents observe that Ussher had no definite warrant for assuming that the "making of the promises" necessarily took place at the dramatic covenant ceremony referenced in {{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=15|verses=13~~|version=NASB~~}}. Furthermore, Stephen, the [[New Testament]] source cited earlier, reiterates that [[God]] told Abraham that his people would suffer for ''four hundred years.''<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Acts|chap=7|verses=6~~|version=NASB~~}}</ref>

+

From that last, Ussher assumed that the 430-year sojourn must have begun ''when Abraham entered [[Canaan]] for the first time.'' His modern critics and opponents observe that Ussher had no definite warrant for assuming that the "making of the promises" necessarily took place at the dramatic covenant ceremony referenced in {{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=15|verses=13}}. Furthermore, Stephen, the [[New Testament]] source cited earlier, reiterates that [[God]] told Abraham that his people would suffer for ''four hundred years.''<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Acts|chap=7|verses=6}}</ref>

−

The [[Septuagint]], for reasons lost in antiquity and probably known only to the original Seventy Interpreters, quotes {{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=12|verses=40~~|version=NASB~~}} as saying, "who dwelt in Egypt ''and Canaan''" (emphasis added). Yet most Ussherites are loath to cite this as a ground for their dating of the sojourn, because Ussher himself distrusted the Septuagint and used the [[Masoretic Text]] instead. If an Ussherite were, therefore, to try to stand on the Septuagint's rendition of this verse, they would have committed a [[logical fallacy]] closely akin to [[special pleading]].

+

The [[Septuagint]], for reasons lost in antiquity and probably known only to the original Seventy Interpreters, quotes {{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=12|verses=40}} as saying, "who dwelt in Egypt ''and Canaan''" (emphasis added). Yet most Ussherites are loath to cite this as a ground for their dating of the sojourn, because Ussher himself distrusted the Septuagint and used the [[Masoretic Text]] instead. If an Ussherite were, therefore, to try to stand on the Septuagint's rendition of this verse, they would have committed a [[logical fallacy]] closely akin to [[special pleading]].

The [[Masoretic Text]] does indeed say that the sojourn--that is, a temporary stay--of the Israelites "who dwelt in Egypt" was 430 years. In addition to this consideration, one must consider the following:

−

*Seventy "souls" in direct line-of-descent from Jacob entered Egypt during the Famine.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=1-8~~|version=NASB~~}}</ref>

+

*Seventy "souls" in direct line-of-descent from Jacob entered Egypt during the Famine.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=1-8}}</ref>

−

*On the day of the Exodus, the nation of Israel had six hundred thousand men ''of military age'', ''in addition to'' children.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=12|verses=39~~|version=NASB~~}}</ref> A nation having this many men of military age surely numbered at least two million altogether, and very likely five million.

+

*On the day of the Exodus, the nation of Israel had six hundred thousand men ''of military age'', ''in addition to'' children.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=12|verses=39}}</ref> A nation having this many men of military age surely numbered at least two million altogether, and very likely five million.

If one assumes that each of those original "seventy souls" who entered Egypt had a fifty-member household (including family retainers), then the number of people who entered Egypt might have been 3500. To reach five million people requires the population to double at least ten times, and possibly eleven times.

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In addition to which, many named characters in the Bible have as many as ten named generations--far too many to have occurred in 215 years.

−

To the objection that only four generations of Levites are named from Levi to Moses<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=6|verses=14-25~~|version=NASB~~}}</ref>, most scholars would say that the expression "son of" or "daughter of" need not signify one actually born in the other's household, but merely a direct lineal descendant of any degree, including grandsons and great-grandsons and so forth.

+

To the objection that only four generations of Levites are named from Levi to Moses<ref>{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=6|verses=14-25}}</ref>, most scholars would say that the expression "son of" or "daughter of" need not signify one actually born in the other's household, but merely a direct lineal descendant of any degree, including grandsons and great-grandsons and so forth.

Further support for a long Sojourn can be found [[Egyptian chronology#Peleg|here]]. Briefly, the longer the Sojourn, the further back in history was the Babel Incident. If the Sojourn was short, and Abraham was born early in Terah's life, then Peleg would have been born in 2187, or one year ''after'' the likely founding of the Egyptian nation-state. A long Sojourn obviates the problem.

=== The Date of the Exodus ===

−

The Late Date camp asserts that the Exodus occurred late in the history of [[Egypt]] mostly on [[Archaeology|archaeological]] grounds. Some Late Date theorists argue that the references to the cities of [[Pithom]] and [[Pi-Ramesses]] in {{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=11~~|version=NASB~~}} force a late date, because those cities, by those names, did not exist in the 15th century BC.<ref name=Dyer/><ref name=Moore/><ref name=Partin/><ref name=Bratcher/> Dyer says that this argument can hardly be conclusive, because even the late date would have the city of Ramesses built ''before'' [[Ramesses II]] took the throne, even under the assumptions of conventional [[Egyptian chronology]].<ref name=Dyer/>

+

The Late Date camp asserts that the Exodus occurred late in the history of [[Egypt]] mostly on [[Archaeology|archaeological]] grounds. Some Late Date theorists argue that the references to the cities of [[Pithom]] and [[Pi-Ramesses]] in {{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=11}} force a late date, because those cities, by those names, did not exist in the 15th century BC.<ref name=Dyer/><ref name=Moore/><ref name=Partin/><ref name=Bratcher/> Dyer says that this argument can hardly be conclusive, because even the late date would have the city of Ramesses built ''before'' [[Ramesses II]] took the throne, even under the assumptions of conventional [[Egyptian chronology]].<ref name=Dyer/>

−

The other three camps stand on {{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}. Late-date theorists cannot and do not attempt to square this simple statement--that the Temple was built exactly 480 years after the Exodus--with archaeological findings that, to some, suggest that the Exodus and the Temple groundbreaking occurred closer together in time. Instead, they simply assert that the literal reading cannot be trusted, on grounds that their opponents find highly tenuous at best.<ref name=Dyer/>

+

The other three camps stand on {{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1}}. Late-date theorists cannot and do not attempt to square this simple statement--that the Temple was built exactly 480 years after the Exodus--with archaeological findings that, to some, suggest that the Exodus and the Temple groundbreaking occurred closer together in time. Instead, they simply assert that the literal reading cannot be trusted, on grounds that their opponents find highly tenuous at best.<ref name=Dyer/>

=== The Chronology of the United and Divided Kingdoms ===

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# That this was also the date that Nebuchadnezzar's son [[Evil-Merodach]] began to reign.

−

From this date, he worked backward, using the meticulous dates that appear throughout I and II Kings, each of which gives a date of a king's accession with references to a year of reign of another king--except that kings of the [[Southern Kingdom]] after the conquest of the [[Northern Kingdom]] are listed only with their ages and lengths of reign, and King [[Jehoiachin]] is referenced by how many years he had been a captive when Evil-Merodach acceded to his throne. That sequence definitely places the division of the kingdoms at 975 BC, and the beginning of Solomon's reign at 1015 BC. {{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}} states that Solomon broke ground on the Temple in the fourth year of his reign--and that this event took place in the ''four hundred eightieth year since the [[Exodus of Israel out of Egypt|Exodus]].'' This places the Exodus at 1491 BC. (The sequence also places the [[Fall of Jerusalem]] at 588 BC, because it happened 11 years after [[Jehoiachin]] was taken captive.)

+

From this date, he worked backward, using the meticulous dates that appear throughout I and II Kings, each of which gives a date of a king's accession with references to a year of reign of another king--except that kings of the [[Southern Kingdom]] after the conquest of the [[Northern Kingdom]] are listed only with their ages and lengths of reign, and King [[Jehoiachin]] is referenced by how many years he had been a captive when Evil-Merodach acceded to his throne. That sequence definitely places the division of the kingdoms at 975 BC, and the beginning of Solomon's reign at 1015 BC. {{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1}} states that Solomon broke ground on the Temple in the fourth year of his reign--and that this event took place in the ''four hundred eightieth year since the [[Exodus of Israel out of Egypt|Exodus]].'' This places the Exodus at 1491 BC. (The sequence also places the [[Fall of Jerusalem]] at 588 BC, because it happened 11 years after [[Jehoiachin]] was taken captive.)

Thiele, on the other hand, made a number of assumptions from observations of Assyrian stone tablets that, he believed, warranted a ''revision'' of the king list in I and II Kings.<ref name=Pierce/> They were:

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Thiele also greatly compressed and telescoped the reigns of [[Amaziah]], [[Uzziah]], and [[Jotham]] of the [[Southern Kingdom]] to force them to synchronized with this reworked chronology of the Northern Kingdom.<ref name=Holman>"Chronology of the Biblical Period," in ''Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary,'' Chad Brand, Charles Draper, Archie England, ''et al.'', eds., Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003, pp. 291-5 ISBN 0-80542-836-4</ref>

−

Ussherites contend that while Ussher assumed the primacy of Scripture, Thiele assumed the primacy of secular historical records (what Ussher called "profane history"). Pierce in particular contends that Thiele had no right, according to the accepted canons of Biblical scholarship, to impart different meanings to verses that follow the same pattern without sufficient reason--an argument that [[Occam's razor|William of Occam]] might have made. Even if Thiele did have that right, Pierce maintains that Thiele's clues, such as they are, are not even grounded in anything approaching certainty. Ussherites also question Thiele's math--for example, Thiele seems to have assumed that Uzziah, whom II Kings states was 16 years old when he began to reign, was granted a viceroyship fully eight years before he was born! A later disciple of Thiele then claimed that what Thiele actually meant was that Uzziah became ''viceroy'' at sixteen, not ''sole ruler'' at sixteen. But McFall, according to Pierce, then proceeded to alter the text of Scripture itself,<ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=14|verses=21~~|version=NASB~~}} and {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=26|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}</ref> a proposition Pierce denounced as outrageous.

+

Ussherites contend that while Ussher assumed the primacy of Scripture, Thiele assumed the primacy of secular historical records (what Ussher called "profane history"). Pierce in particular contends that Thiele had no right, according to the accepted canons of Biblical scholarship, to impart different meanings to verses that follow the same pattern without sufficient reason--an argument that [[Occam's razor|William of Occam]] might have made. Even if Thiele did have that right, Pierce maintains that Thiele's clues, such as they are, are not even grounded in anything approaching certainty. Ussherites also question Thiele's math--for example, Thiele seems to have assumed that Uzziah, whom II Kings states was 16 years old when he began to reign, was granted a viceroyship fully eight years before he was born! A later disciple of Thiele then claimed that what Thiele actually meant was that Uzziah became ''viceroy'' at sixteen, not ''sole ruler'' at sixteen. But McFall, according to Pierce, then proceeded to alter the text of Scripture itself,<ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=14|verses=21}} and {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=26|verses=1}}</ref> a proposition Pierce denounced as outrageous.

== A Synoptic Table ==

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|[[Creation]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=1-2~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=1-2}}

|1

|4004

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|[[Adam]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=1-2~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=1-2}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=1}}

|1

|4004

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|[[Seth]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=3-5~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=3-5}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=1}}

|130

|3874

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|[[Enos]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=6-8~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=6-8}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=1}}

|235

|3769

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|[[Cainan]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=9-11~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=2~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=9-11}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=2}}

|325

|3679

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|[[Mahalaleel]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=12-14~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=2~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=12-14}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=2}}

|395

|3609

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|[[Jared]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=15-17~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=2~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=15-17}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=2}}

|460

|3544

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|[[Enoch]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=18-21~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=3~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=18-21}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=3}}

|622

|3382

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|[[Methuselah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=22-24~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=3~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=22-24}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=3}}

|687

|3317

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|[[Lamech]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=25-27~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=3~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=25-27}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=3}}

|874

|3130

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|[[Noah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=28-31~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=4~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=28-31}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=4}}

|1056

|2948

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|[[Shem]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=32~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=4,24~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=5|verses=32}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=4,24}}

|1558

|2446

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|'''[[Great Flood]]'''

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=7|verses=11~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=7|verses=11}}

|1656

|2348

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|[[Arpachshad]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=10-11~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=17,24~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=10-11}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=17,24}}

|1658

|2346

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|[[Salah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=12-13~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=18,24~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=12-13}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=18,24}}

|1693

|2311

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|[[Eber]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=14-15~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=18,25~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=14-15}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=18,25}}

|1723

|2281

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|[[Peleg]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=16-17~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=19,25~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=16-17}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=19,25}}

|1757

|2247

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|[[Reu]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=18-19~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=25~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=18-19}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=25}}

|1787

|2217

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|[[Serug]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=20-21~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=26~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=20-21}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=26}}

|1819

|2185

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|[[Nahor the Elder]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=22-23~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=26~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=22-23}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=26}}

|1849

|2155

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|[[Terah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=24-25~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=26~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=24-25}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=26}}

|1878

|2126

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|[[Abraham]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=26-27,32~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=27~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=11|verses=26-27,32}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=27}}

|2008

|1996

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|[[Isaac]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=21|verses=5~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=28~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=21|verses=5}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=28}}

|2108

|1896

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|[[Jacob]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=25|verses=26~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=34~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=25|verses=26}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Chronicles|chap=1|verses=34}}

|2168

|1836

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|Entry into Egypt

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=47|verses=9~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=47|verses=9}}

|2298

|1706

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|'''[[Exodus of Israel out of Egypt|Exodus]]'''

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=12|verses=40~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=12|verses=40}}

|2513

|1491

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|[[David]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=2|verses=11~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=2|verses=11}}

|2949

|1055

Line 739: Line 739:

|[[Solomon]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=11|verses=42~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=11|verses=42}}

|2989

|1015

Line 759: Line 759:

|[[Temple]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=3|verses=4~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=6|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=3|verses=4}}

|2992

|1012

Line 799: Line 799:

|[[Rehoboam]]

|[[Jeroboam I]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=12|verses=1-33~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=13|verses=1-34~~|version=NASB~~}},{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=9|verses=30~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=10|verses=1-19~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=12|verses=1-33}}, {{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=13|verses=1-34}},{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=9|verses=30}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=10|verses=1-19}}

|3029

|975

Line 819: Line 819:

|[[Abijam]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=13|verses=1-2~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=13|verses=1-2}}

|3046

|958

Line 839: Line 839:

|[[Asa]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=9~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=14|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=9}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=14|verses=1}}

|3048

|956

Line 859: Line 859:

|

|[[King Nadab|Nadab]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=25~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=25}}

|3050

|954

Line 879: Line 879:

|

|[[Baasha]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=33~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=15|verses=33}}

|3051

|953

Line 899: Line 899:

|

|[[Elah]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=8~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=8}}

|3074

|930

Line 919: Line 919:

|

|[[Zimri]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=15~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=15}}

|3075

|929

Line 939: Line 939:

|

|[[Omri]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=23~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=23}}

|3075

|929

Line 959: Line 959:

|

|[[Ahab]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=29~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=16|verses=29}}

|3086

|918

Line 979: Line 979:

|[[Jehoshaphat]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=22|verses=41~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=16|verses=13~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=20|verses=31~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=22|verses=41}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=16|verses=13}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=20|verses=31}}

|3090

|914

Line 999: Line 999:

|

|[[Ahaziah of Israel|Ahaziah]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=22|verses=51~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=I_Kings|chap=22|verses=51}}

|3106

|898

Line 1,019: Line 1,019:

|

|[[Jehoram of Israel|Jehoram]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=3|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=3|verses=1}}

|3108

|896

Line 1,039: Line 1,039:

|[[Jehoram]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=8|verses=16~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=21|verses=5~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=8|verses=16}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=21|verses=5}}

|3112

|892

Line 1,059: Line 1,059:

|[[Ahaziah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=8|verses=25~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=22|verses=2~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=8|verses=25}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=22|verses=2}}

|3119

|885

Line 1,079: Line 1,079:

|[[Athaliah]]

|'''[[Jehu]]'''

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=10|verses=1-36~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=22|verses=10-12~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=10|verses=1-36}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=22|verses=10-12}}

|3120

|884

Line 1,099: Line 1,099:

|[[Joash]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=12|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=23|verses=1-21~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=24|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=12|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=23|verses=1-21}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=24|verses=1}}

|3126

|878

Line 1,119: Line 1,119:

|

|[[Jehoahaz]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=13|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=13|verses=1}}

|3148

|856

Line 1,139: Line 1,139:

|

|[[Joash of Israel|Joash]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=13|verses=10~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=13|verses=10}}

|3163

|841

Line 1,159: Line 1,159:

|[[Amaziah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=14|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=25|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=14|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=25|verses=1}}

|3165

|839

Line 1,179: Line 1,179:

|

|[[Jeroboam II]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=14|verses=23~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=14|verses=23}}

|3168

|836

Line 1,199: Line 1,199:

|[[Uzziah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=26|verses=3~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=26|verses=3}}

|3194

|810

Line 1,219: Line 1,219:

|

|[[Zachariah]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=8~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=8}}

|3232

|772

Line 1,239: Line 1,239:

|

|[[Shallum]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=13~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=13}}

|3232

|772

Line 1,259: Line 1,259:

|

|[[Menahem]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=17~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=17}}

|3233

|771

Line 1,279: Line 1,279:

|

|[[Pekahiah]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=23~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=23}}

|3243

|761

Line 1,299: Line 1,299:

|

|[[Pekah]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=27~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=27}}

|3245

|759

Line 1,319: Line 1,319:

|[[Jotham]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=32~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=27|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=32}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=27|verses=1}}

|3246

|758

Line 1,339: Line 1,339:

|[[Jehoahaz I|Ahaz]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=16|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=28|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=16|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=28|verses=1}}

|3262

|742

Line 1,359: Line 1,359:

|

|[[Hoshea]]

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=17|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=17|verses=1}}

|3274

|730

Line 1,379: Line 1,379:

|[[Hezekiah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=18|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=29|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=18|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=29|verses=1}}

|3278

|726

Line 1,399: Line 1,399:

|

|'''[[Fall of Samaria]]'''

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=17|verses=6~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=17|verses=6}}

|3283

|721

Line 1,419: Line 1,419:

|[[Manasseh King of Judah|Manasseh]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=21|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=33|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=21|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=33|verses=1}}

|3306

|698

Line 1,439: Line 1,439:

|[[Amon]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=21|verses=19~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=33|verses=21~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=21|verses=19}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=33|verses=21}}

|3361

|643

Line 1,459: Line 1,459:

|[[Josiah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=22|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=34|verses=1~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=22|verses=1}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=34|verses=1}}

|3363

|641

Line 1,479: Line 1,479:

|[[Jehoahaz II]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=23|verses=31~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=2~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=23|verses=31}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=2}}

|3394

|610

Line 1,499: Line 1,499:

|[[Jehoiakim]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=23|verses=36~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=5~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=23|verses=36}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=5}}

|3394

|610

Line 1,519: Line 1,519:

|[[Jehoiachin]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=24|verses=8~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=9~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=24|verses=8}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=9}}

|3405

|599

Line 1,539: Line 1,539:

|[[Zedekiah]]

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=24|verses=18~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=11~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=24|verses=18}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=11}}

|3405

|599

Line 1,559: Line 1,559:

|'''[[Fall of Jerusalem]]'''

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=23|verses=36~~|version=NASB~~}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=12-21~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=23|verses=36}}, {{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=36|verses=12-21}}

|3416

|588

Line 1,579: Line 1,579:

|'''Death of [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]'''

|

−

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=25|verses=27~~|version=NASB~~}}

+

|{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=25|verses=27}}

|3442

|562

TerryH

Siteadmin, Check users, Administrators

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Biblical chronology dispute (view source)

Revision as of 15:38, June 6, 2007

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