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| | However, by the time of the [[Council of Nicaea]] in 325, the early church, under the reign of [[Constantine]] and attempting to appease pagans, moved towards a direction that propagated anti-Judaism.<ref>As [[Constantine]] said at the Council: "''Let us then have nothing in common with the most hostile rabble of the Jews.''" Boyle, Isaac "A Historical View of The Council of Nicea" (T Mason and G Lane, New York; 1839)</ref> | | However, by the time of the [[Council of Nicaea]] in 325, the early church, under the reign of [[Constantine]] and attempting to appease pagans, moved towards a direction that propagated anti-Judaism.<ref>As [[Constantine]] said at the Council: "''Let us then have nothing in common with the most hostile rabble of the Jews.''" Boyle, Isaac "A Historical View of The Council of Nicea" (T Mason and G Lane, New York; 1839)</ref> |
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| − | ==Comparison table==
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| − | Table comparing the mainstream '''beliefs''' of these movements with each other
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| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2"
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| − | |-
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| − | |
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| − | |Judaism
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| − | |Christianity
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| − | |Messianic Judaism
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| − | |-
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| − | |Trinity
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Divinity of Jesus
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Accept Talmud as authoritative
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| − | |yes
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| − | |no
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| − | |no
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| − | |-
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| − | |Accept New Testament as part of canon
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Jesus is the son of God
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Jesus is the messiah
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Hell exists
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Second coming of Jesus Christ
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Jesus was born of a virgin
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Jesus died on a cross for the sins of humanity
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Jesus was resurrected from the dead
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Jesus is an intermediary between man and God
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Original Sin
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |skepticism towards evolution
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| − | |no*<ref>Even amongst Orthodox Jews, the mainstream belief is evolution happened, although generally Orthodox Jews believe in theistic evolution, meaning evolution but that it was caused by God.</ref>
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |follow teachings of past rabbis
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| − | |yes
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| − | |no
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| − | |no*<ref>Messianic Jews have even been known to criticize Judaism by calling it Rabbinic Judaism, despite the fact that Messianic Jews call their pastors, rabbis.</ref>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Jesus was God made flesh
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |interpretation of the text by a scholar should be preferred
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| − | |yes
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| − | |no, the laity's interpretation is equally valid to that of a scholar's interpretation
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| − | |no, the laity's interpretation is equally valid to that of a scholar's interpretation
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| − | |-
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| − | |Is Daniel a prophet?
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes, Jesus Christ called Daniel a prophet in the Gospels
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| − | |yes, Jesus Christ called Daniel a prophet in the Gospels
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| − | |-
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| − | |Is Enoch a prophet?
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes
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| − | |yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |Is Sarah a prophetess?
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| − | |yes
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| − | |no
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| − | |no
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| − | |-
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| − | |Has the messiah came?
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| − | |no
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| − | |yes, he is Jesus Christ
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| − | |yes, he is Jesus Christ
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| − | |-
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| − | |Who was the greatest prophet?
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| − | |Moses
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| − | |Jesus Christ
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| − | |Jesus Christ
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| − | |}
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| − |
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| − | According to WhatJewsBelieve.org the idea that God became flesh disagrees with the words of the Bible saying,
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| − | "There is the verse from Hosea in which God specifically tells us that God is not a human being:
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| − | I will not execute the fierceness of mine anger, I will not return to destroy Ephraim: for I am God, and not a man; the Holy One in the midst of thee: and I will not enter into the city. Hosea 11:9
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| − |
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| − | And then there is another verse, in Numbers 23:19, where God specifically tells us that if God were a human being, then he would be a liar, as all human beings do lie on occasion. Furthermore, this verse tell us that if God were a human being, he would be in need of repentance because all human beings sin at some point in their lives.
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| − | Finally, this verse also tells us that if God were a human being, then he would make promises, but not keep them:
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| − | God is not a man, that he should lie; neither the Son of Man, that he should repent: hath he said, and shall he not do it? or hath he spoken, and shall he not make it good? Numbers 23:19"
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| − | <ref>http://whatjewsbelieve.org/explanation08.html</ref>
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| | ==How Messianic Jews see themselves== | | ==How Messianic Jews see themselves== |