Changes

[[Image:Ehistolytica05.jpg|thumb|right|161px|[[Entamoeba histolytica]] has been recently recognized as an emerging sexually transmissible pathogen in men who have sex with men (MSM), causing sporadic outbreaks in countries where it is not endemic.<ref>[https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.30.30581 'Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017''], ''[[Eurosurveillance]]'', 2017</ref>]]  

[[Image:Ehistolytica05.jpg|thumb|right|160px|[[Entamoeba histolytica]] has been recently recognized as an emerging sexually transmissible pathogen in men who have sex with men (MSM), causing sporadic outbreaks in countries where it is not endemic.<ref>[https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.30.30581 'Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017''], ''[[Eurosurveillance]]'', 2017</ref>]]  

{{Homosexuality and health}}

{{Homosexuality and health}}

Concerning '''homosexuality and parasites''', &#97;&#110;&#97;&#108; &#115;&#101;&#120; can be an important risk factor for intestinal parasitism.<ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/jx13231641717w48/ Intestinal Parasitism among Homosexual Male], ''Sexuality and Disability'' by Viroj Wiwanitki, June 2006, Volume 24, Issue 2, pp 113–115</ref>

Concerning '''homosexuality and parasites''', &#97;&#110;&#97;&#108; &#115;&#101;&#120; can be an important risk factor for intestinal parasitism.<ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/jx13231641717w48/ Intestinal Parasitism among Homosexual Male], ''Sexuality and Disability'' by Viroj Wiwanitki, June 2006, Volume 24, Issue 2, pp 113–115</ref>

The abstract for the 2017 ''[[Eurosurveillance]]'' journal article ''Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017'' indicates: "[[Entamoeba histolytica]] has been recently recognised as an emerging sexually transmissible pathogen in [[Homosexuality|men who have sex with men]] (MSM), causing sporadic outbreaks in countries where it is not endemic."<ref>[https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.30.30581 'Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017''], ''[[Eurosurveillance]]'', 2017</ref>

The abstract for the 2017 ''[[Eurosurveillance]]'' journal article ''Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017'' indicates: "[[Entamoeba histolytica]] has been recently recognised as an emerging sexually transmissible pathogen in men who have sex with men (MSM), causing sporadic outbreaks in countries where it is not endemic."<ref>[https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.30.30581 'Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017''], ''[[Eurosurveillance]]'', 2017</ref>

In 2006, the ''[[The Medical Journal of Australia]]'' reported:

In 2006, the ''[[The Medical Journal of Australia]]'' reported:

{{cquote|While the overall prevalence of [[amebiasis]] is approximately 4% in the [[United States]], certain high-risk groups have a much higher incidence of infection and [[disease]]. Prevalence of [[Entamoeba Histolytica|E. historylitica]] or [[Entamoeba Dispar|E. dispar]] in the gay population of [[New York City]] and [[San Francisco]] approached 40-50% . Some Japanese literature also showed homosexual contact was an important risk factor for amebic infection.<ref>[http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/jnlpdf.php?cdjournal=internalmedicine1992&cdvol=40&noissue=7&startpage=563&lang=en&from=jnlabstract Amano K, Takeuchi T., ''Amebiasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome''. Intern Med. 2001 Jul;40(7):563-4]</ref>}}

{{cquote|While the overall prevalence of [[amebiasis]] is approximately 4% in the [[United States]], certain high-risk groups have a much higher incidence of infection and [[disease]]. Prevalence of [[Entamoeba Histolytica|E. historylitica]] or [[Entamoeba Dispar|E. dispar]] in the gay population of [[New York City]] and [[San Francisco]] approached 40-50% . Some Japanese literature also showed homosexual contact was an important risk factor for amebic infection.<ref>[http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/jnlpdf.php?cdjournal=internalmedicine1992&cdvol=40&noissue=7&startpage=563&lang=en&from=jnlabstract Amano K, Takeuchi T., ''Amebiasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome''. Intern Med. 2001 Jul;40(7):563-4]</ref>}}

In 1990 SD Wexner wrote in an article entitled ''Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties'' published in ''Diseases of the Colon and Rectum'' and the abstract for that article states: "....a host of parasites, bacterial, viral, and protozoan are all rampant in the [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] population."<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2242700/ ''Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties'']</ref>

In 1990 SD Wexner wrote in an article entitled ''Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties'' published in ''Diseases of the Colon and Rectum'' and the abstract for that article states: "....a host of parasites, bacterial, viral, and protozoan are all rampant in the [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] population."<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2242700&ordinalpos=4&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum</ref>

[[File:Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|A variety of colorectal disorders have been recognized among male homosexuals.  

[[File:Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|A variety of colorectal disorders have been recognized among male homosexuals.  

<br />

<br />

A 1980 article in the ''[[Canadian Medical Association Journal]]'' that discusses the subject of homosexuality and parasites stated the following in its abstract: "In a controlled study 67.5% of 200 homosexual men but only sixteen percent of 100 heterosexual men were found to be infected with [[intestine|intestinal]] [[parasite]]s"...These findings suggest that the male homosexual community may be an important reservoir of potentially [[pathogen]]ic protozoa."<ref>http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1704818</ref>

A 1980 article in the ''[[Canadian Medical Association Journal]]'' that discusses the subject of homosexuality and parasites stated the following in its abstract: "In a controlled study 67.5% of 200 homosexual men but only sixteen percent of 100 heterosexual men were found to be infected with [[intestine|intestinal]] [[parasite]]s"...These findings suggest that the male homosexual community may be an important reservoir of potentially [[pathogen]]ic protozoa."<ref>http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1704818</ref>

In addition, [[amebiasis‎]] is a condition associated with [[gay bowel syndrome]].

In addition, [[amebiasis‎]] is a condition associated with [[gay bowel syndrome]].<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=946385&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus</ref>

==See also==

==See also==

*[[Homosexuality and health]]

*[[Homosexuality and health]]

== External links ==

== External links ==

*Pakianathan MR, McMillan A. [http://std.sagepub.com/content/10/12/780.long Intestinal protozoa in homosexual men in Edinburgh]. Int J STD AIDS. 1999;10(12):780-4.

*Pakianathan MR, McMillan A. [http://std.sagepub.com/content/10/12/780.long Intestinal protozoa in homosexual men in Edinburgh]. Int J STD AIDS. 1999;10(12):780-4.

*Esfandiari A, Swartz J, Teklehaimanot S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9449541 Clustering of giardiasis among AIDS patients in Los Angeles County]. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1997;43(7):1077-83.

*Esfandiari A, Swartz J, Teklehaimanot S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9449541 Clustering of giardiasis among AIDS patients in Los Angeles County]. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1997;43(7):1077-83.

==References==

==References==