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<center>{{cquote|[[C. Vann Woodward]] has called Progressivism in the South, "progressivism for white men only'. The activities of [[Woodrow Wilson]] and his [[Secretary of War]], Josephus Daniels, both native southerners, support this view. Daniels could defend the "color lines while attacking political corruption and the activities of the trusts. Wilson while calling for progressive banking and [[anti-trust]] legislation was endorsing [[D.W. Griffith]]'s, 'Birth of a Nations film and allowing segregation in the United States armed forces. [[Theodore Roosevelt]] while inviting [[Booker T. Washington]] to the [[White House]] and noting upon his political suggestions, never called for [[Anti-lynching law|antilynohing]] or antidisfranohisement laws.|||"Voices of Protest: W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington," p. 6<ref>Barnes, Harry W. (August 8, 1969). [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED044344.pdf Voices of Protest: W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington.] ''Institute of Education Sciences''. Retrieved May 15, 2023.</ref>}}</center>

<center>{{cquote|[[C. Vann Woodward]] has called Progressivism in the South, "progressivism for white men only'. The activities of [[Woodrow Wilson]] and his [[Secretary of War]], Josephus Daniels, both native southerners, support this view. Daniels could defend the "color lines while attacking political corruption and the activities of the trusts. Wilson while calling for progressive banking and [[anti-trust]] legislation was endorsing [[D.W. Griffith]]'s, 'Birth of a Nations film and allowing segregation in the United States armed forces. [[Theodore Roosevelt]] while inviting [[Booker T. Washington]] to the [[White House]] and noting upon his political suggestions, never called for [[Anti-lynching law|antilynohing]] or antidisfranohisement laws.|||"Voices of Protest: W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington," p. 6<ref>Barnes, Harry W. (August 8, 1969). [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED044344.pdf Voices of Protest: W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington.] ''Institute of Education Sciences''. Retrieved May 15, 2023.</ref>}}</center>

[[File:FDRoosevelt by Perskie.png|thumb|left|230px|Many, if not most Dixiecrats were New Deal–aligned supporters of FDR in the 1930s.]]

[[File:FDRoosevelt by Perskie.png|thumb|left|230px|Many Dixiecrats were New Deal–aligned supporters of FDR in the 1930s.]]

===New Deal and World War II impact: shift in left–right ideology and civil rights===

===New Deal and World War II impact: shift in left–right ideology and civil rights===

During the First and Second New Deal, the majority of Southern Democrats lined up behind President Roosevelt, supporting left-wing economic relief measures at the expense of traditional free-market principles. The New Deal enforced institutional white supremacy to appease the Democrats of the "Solid South" who ardently opposed any federal legislation which would interfere with the region's Jim Crow laws; the [[Federal Housing Administration]] not only enforced segregation, but even refused to insure houses for black families.<ref>Little, Becky (June 1, 2021). [https://www.history.com/news/housing-segregation-new-deal-program How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation]. ''History Channel''. Retrieved May 15, 2023.</ref>

During the First and Second New Deal, the majority of Southern Democrats lined up behind President Roosevelt, supporting left-wing economic relief measures at the expense of traditional free-market principles. The New Deal enforced institutional white supremacy to appease the Democrats of the "Solid South" who ardently opposed any federal legislation which would interfere with the region's Jim Crow laws; the [[Federal Housing Administration]] not only enforced segregation, but even refused to insure houses for black families.<ref>Little, Becky (June 1, 2021). [https://www.history.com/news/housing-segregation-new-deal-program How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation]. ''History Channel''. Retrieved May 15, 2023.</ref>

However, Southern Democrats increasingly broke with FDR and the New Deal for both economic and civil rights–related reasons. Author Glenn Feldman notes that "many prominent Southern New Dealers" including Leander Perez, Theodore Bilbo, and Horace Wilkinson, who "can hardly be called racially enlightened," eventually opposed the mainstream economic progressivism of the New Deal when it began to align with civil rights—the old Southern progressives, although economically left-wing in nature, prioritized white supremacy and abandoned modern liberalism ''only when it interfered with their racial order''.<ref>Feldman, Glenn (August 31, 2015). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Great_Melding/0ZUkCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bull+connor+new+deal&pg=PA256&printsec=frontcover The Great Melding: War, the Dixiecrat Rebellion, and the Southern Model for America's New Conservatism], p. 287. ''Google Books''. Retrieved May 16, 2023.</ref>

However, Southern Democrats increasingly broke with FDR and the New Deal for both economic and civil rights–related reasons. Author Glenn Feldman notes that "many prominent Southern New Dealers" including Leander Perez, Theodore Bilbo, and Horace Wilkinson, who "can hardly be called racially enlightened," eventually opposed the mainstream economic progressivism of the New Deal when it began to align with civil rights—the old Southern progressives, although economically left-wing in nature, prioritized white supremacy and abandoned modern liberalism ''only when it interfered with their racial order''.<ref>Feldman, Glenn (August 31, 2015). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Great_Melding/0ZUkCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bull+connor+new+deal&pg=PA256&printsec=frontcover The Great Melding: War, the Dixiecrat Rebellion, and the Southern Model for America's New Conservatism], p. 287. ''Google Books''. Retrieved May 16, 2023.</ref>

[[File:JohnERankin.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Portrait of John E. Rankin, a Democratic representative, progressive, and lifelong white supremacist who broke from the New Deal by the early 1940s and joined the Dixiecrats in '48.]]

[[File:JohnERankin.jpg|thumb|right|220px|John E. Rankin, a Democratic representative, progressive, and lifelong white supremacist who broke from the New Deal by the early 1940s and joined the Dixiecrats in '48.]]

Although mainstream encyclopedia articles, books, and other various sources portray the Dixiecrat movement and typical Southern racial demagoguery in the 1930s (and onwards) as stemming from anti–New Deal sentiment, Feldman writes that in Alabama, for example, the most virulent racists "could be found on both sides of the New Deal."<ref>Feldman, Glenn (May 31, 2013). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Irony_of_the_Solid_South/lo7-k6uzUDcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bull+connor+new+deal&printsec=frontcover The Irony of the Solid South: Democrats, Republicans, and Race, 1865–1944], p. 94. ''Google Books''. Retrieved May 16, 2023.</ref> [[Bull Connor]], later an SRP member and known as the Birmingham police commissioner who perpetrated violent police attacks against civil rights activists including children, was among the staunch supporters of FDR and the New Deal, regarding him as a "fine President."<ref>"The Irony of the Solid South," pp. 192–93.</ref>

Although mainstream encyclopedia articles, books, and other various sources portray the Dixiecrat movement and typical Southern racial demagoguery in the 1930s (and onwards) as stemming from anti–New Deal sentiment, Feldman writes that in Alabama, for example, the most virulent racists "could be found on both sides of the New Deal."<ref>Feldman, Glenn (May 31, 2013). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Irony_of_the_Solid_South/lo7-k6uzUDcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bull+connor+new+deal&printsec=frontcover The Irony of the Solid South: Democrats, Republicans, and Race, 1865–1944], p. 94. ''Google Books''. Retrieved May 16, 2023.</ref> [[Bull Connor]], later an SRP member and known as the Birmingham police commissioner who perpetrated violent police attacks against civil rights activists including children, was among the staunch supporters of FDR and the New Deal, regarding him as a "fine President."<ref>"The Irony of the Solid South," pp. 192–93.</ref>