Changes

Calhoun aggressively championed [[nullification]], which allows individual states to cancel a federal law it considers unconstitutional. It derives  from and goes beyond the "Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions" of 1798, written by Jefferson and Madison, that had been a bedrock principle throughout the South; James Madison said Calhoun went too far. He was the secret author of ''South Carolina Exposition and Protest'', a document that advocated the nullification of the [[Tariff of 1828]].  The tariff was so high that it was "unconstitutional, unequal and oppressive; and calculated to corrupt public virtue and destroy the liberty of the country." The ''Exposition'' was submitted to the South Carolina legislature as a resolution, but it was not passed.  

Calhoun aggressively championed [[nullification]], which allows individual states to cancel a federal law it considers unconstitutional. It derives  from and goes beyond the "Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions" of 1798, written by Jefferson and Madison, that had been a bedrock principle throughout the South; James Madison said Calhoun went too far. He was the secret author of ''South Carolina Exposition and Protest'', a document that advocated the nullification of the [[Tariff of 1828]].  The tariff was so high that it was "unconstitutional, unequal and oppressive; and calculated to corrupt public virtue and destroy the liberty of the country." The ''Exposition'' was submitted to the South Carolina legislature as a resolution, but it was not passed.  

===Nullification Crisis: 1833===

===1833: Nullification Crisis===

In 1832, the South Carolina legislature passed a resolution that declared the federal tariff of 1828 void. President Andrew Jackson was incensed and the Congress passed the Force Bill, threatening military intervention. The issue, as Jackson saw it, was not the tariff but obedience to federal law. He threatened to call out the troops and to hang Calhoun "higher than Haman," if he got hold of him. Calhoun resigned the vice-presidency, accepted election as senator from South Carolina, and returned to Washington.  No one was hanged as [[Henry Clay]] brokered a compromise between Jackson and Calhoun.  No southern state stood by South Carolina.

In 1832, the South Carolina legislature passed a resolution that declared the federal tariff of 1828 void. President Andrew Jackson was incensed and the Congress passed the Force Bill, threatening military intervention. The issue, as Jackson saw it, was not the tariff but obedience to federal law. He threatened to call out the troops and to hang Calhoun "higher than Haman," if he got hold of him. Calhoun resigned the vice-presidency, accepted election as senator from South Carolina, and returned to Washington.  No one was hanged as [[Henry Clay]] brokered a compromise between Jackson and Calhoun.  No southern state stood by South Carolina.