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===Florentine diplomacy===
===Florentine diplomacy===
Italy was a scene of intense political conflict involving four dominant city-states (Florence, Milan, Venice, and Naples), along with the [[Papacy, history|Papacy]], [[France, history|France]], Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire.
Italy was a scene of intense political conflict involving four dominant city-states (Florence, Milan, Venice, and Naples), along with the [[Papacy]], [[France, history|France]], Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire.
When Machiavelli was growing up Florence was under the control of Lorenzo de' Medici. Italy was invaded in 1494 by Charles VIII of France, who forced the [[Medici]] family to flee. A republic was established but it immediately came under the dictatorship of religious fanatic [[Girolamo Savonarola]]. The people turned against the monk and executed him in 1498.
When Machiavelli was growing up Florence was under the control of Lorenzo de' Medici. Italy was invaded in 1494 by Charles VIII of France, who forced the [[Medici]] family to flee. A republic was established but it immediately came under the dictatorship of religious fanatic [[Girolamo Savonarola]]. The people turned against the monk and executed him in 1498.