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According to Chaitkin, the radicalist European revolutionary leaders supported Pierce for reelection. Mazzini wrote in a 1853 letter:<ref name=treasoninamerica,ch.12/>

According to Chaitkin, the radicalist European revolutionary leaders supported Pierce for reelection. Mazzini wrote in a 1853 letter:<ref name=treasoninamerica,ch.12/>

{{cquote|Kossuth [Hungarian radical] and I are working with the very numerous Germanic element in the United States for his [Pierce's] election, and under certain conditions which he has accepted. Of these conditions he has already fulfilled enough to give us security that he will carry out the rest. He was to appoint American representatives in Europe who would be favorable to us and would help us; and almost all his nominations are such as we desired. He was to give to all battleship commanders instructions opposed to Austria and the despotic governments: he has done it . . . He had promised to give orders to all his diplomatic agents to recognize immediately whatever insurrectionary republican government should be established in an Italian or Hungarian province, and he states that he has done so.

{{cquote|Kossuth [Hungarian radical] and I are working with the very numerous Germanic element in the United States for his [Pierce's] election, and under certain conditions which he has accepted. Of these conditions he has already fulfilled enough to give us security that he will carry out the rest. He was to appoint American representatives in Europe who would be favorable to us and would help us; and almost all his nominations are such as we desired. He was to give to all battleship commanders instructions opposed to Austria and the despotic governments: he has done it . . . He had promised to give orders to all his diplomatic agents to recognize immediately whatever insurrectionary republican government should be established in an Italian or Hungarian province, and he states that he has done so.

The election of Franklin Pierce, indeed, gave the signal for the revolution to begin. We will restrict our treatment here, due to space limitations, to two, intimately connected objectives of this revolutionary project:

The election of Franklin Pierce, indeed, gave the signal for the revolution to begin. We will restrict our treatment here, due to space limitations, to two, intimately connected objectives of this revolutionary project:

* The destruction of the liberties of the emerging republics of Latin America, and their colonial reconquest; and

* The destruction of the liberties of the emerging republics of [[Latin America]], and their colonial reconquest; and

* the breakup of the United States and the overthrow of its republican government.

* the breakup of the United States and the overthrow of its republican government.

These two objectives had been combined in the plans of America's enemies since the mercenary army of Aaron Burr sailed from Ohio to the Gulf South, and remain so in the twentieth century.|||Mazzini, 1853}}

These two objectives had been combined in the plans of America's enemies since the mercenary army of Aaron Burr sailed from Ohio to the Gulf South, and remain so in the twentieth century.|||Mazzini, 1853}}