Changes

James Burnham, a former [[Trotskyite]], discovered in 1941 that the "workers revolution" which allegedy was to overthrow the capitalist "exploiters", was in real practice  a "managerial revolution" which replaced older 19th century owners of capital with twentieth century technocrats and managers.  Burnham found that "workers in this mythical 'workers' state' were, the facts showed, a subject class far more heavily exploited than the workers under capitalism," and that the new managers in a planned economy "have curbed the masses and have instituted a social structure in which they are on top, not by virtue of private property rights in the instruments of production, but through their monopoly control of a state power which has fused with the economy." <ref>James Burnham, ''The Managerial Revolution'', Indiana University Press, Bloomingham 1966.</ref>

James Burnham, a former [[Trotskyite]], discovered in 1941 that the "workers revolution" which allegedy was to overthrow the capitalist "exploiters", was in real practice  a "managerial revolution" which replaced older 19th century owners of capital with twentieth century technocrats and managers.  Burnham found that "workers in this mythical 'workers' state' were, the facts showed, a subject class far more heavily exploited than the workers under capitalism," and that the new managers in a planned economy "have curbed the masses and have instituted a social structure in which they are on top, not by virtue of private property rights in the instruments of production, but through their monopoly control of a state power which has fused with the economy." <ref>James Burnham, ''The Managerial Revolution'', Indiana University Press, Bloomingham 1966.</ref>

==Recording keeping & construction trades==

==Record keeping & construction trades==

[[Image:Economicplanning.JPG|left|250px|thumb|Criticism of Economic Planning was surpressed; F. A. Hayek's ''Road to Serfdom'' was rejected for publication 3 times "on political grounds" <ref>Richard Cockett, ''Thinking the Unthinkable: Think-Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution, 1931–1983'', Harper Collins, London 1995, pg. 100.</ref>]]

[[Image:Economicplanning.JPG|left|250px|thumb|Criticism of Economic Planning was surpressed; F. A. Hayek's ''Road to Serfdom'' was rejected for publication 3 times "on political grounds" <ref>Richard Cockett, ''Thinking the Unthinkable: Think-Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution, 1931–1983'', Harper Collins, London 1995, pg. 100.</ref>]]

Record keeping and even economic definitions then were not what they are today. By using the Dow Jones Industrial Average (which is practically the only measurement available in real time that scans the entire period) the Dow did not get back to the level it was at in 1929 until 1949 (160 pts on the Dow).  Other economic indexes either did not  exist, or were developed later, often by guess work.  For example, the oft quotes unemployment rate of 25% which  peaked in 1932 is only guess work based upon observations in New York City.  No one knows what the real national figures were, or what it actually had been in places like Arkansas or Oklahoma. Gross output figures such as [[GDP]] did not exist either.

Record keeping and even economic definitions then were not what they are today. By using the Dow Jones Industrial Average (which is practically the only measurement available in real time that scans the entire period) the Dow did not get back to the level it was at in 1929 until 1949 (160 pts on the Dow).  Other economic indexes either did not  exist, or were developed later, often by guess work.  For example, the oft quotes unemployment rate of 25% which  peaked in 1932 is only guess work based upon observations in New York City.  No one knows what the real national figures were, or what it actually had been in places like Arkansas or Oklahoma. Gross output figures such as [[GDP]] did not exist either.