Changes

'''Intelligence testing''' began in an organized way in the early 20th Century with the Stanford-Binet test. The purpose was to form an estimate of a person's aptitude before investing time and money in their education, in the belief that aptitude or intelligence was a fixed quantity.  

'''Intelligence testing''' began in an organized way in the early 20th Century with the Stanford-Binet test. The purpose was to form an estimate of a person's aptitude before investing time and money in their education, in the belief that aptitude or [[intelligence]] was a fixed quantity.  

At the time these tests were developed, medical science and psychology were

At the time these tests were developed, medical science and psychology were

Abstract for the 2020 journal article [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709590/ We Can Boost IQ: Revisiting Kvashchev’s Experiment] published in the ''Journal of Intelligence'':

Abstract for the 2020 journal article [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709590/ We Can Boost IQ: Revisiting Kvashchev’s Experiment] published in the ''Journal of Intelligence'':

{{Cquote|This paper examined the effects of training in creative problem-solving on intelligence. We revisited Stankov’s report on the outcomes of an experiment carried out by R. Kvashchev in former Yugoslavia that reported an IQ increase of seven points, on average, across 28 tests of intelligence. We argue that previous analyses were based on a conservative analytic approach and failed to take into account the reductions in the IQ test variances at the end of the three-years’ training. When standard deviations of the initial test and 2nd retest were pooled in the calculation of the effect sizes, the experimental group’s performance was 10 IQ points higher on average than that of the control group. Further, with the properly defined measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence, the experimental group showed a 15 IQ points higher increase than the control group. We concluded that prolonged intensive training in creative problem-solving can lead to substantial and positive effects on intelligence during late adolescence (ages 18–19).<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709590/ We Can Boost IQ: Revisiting Kvashchev’s Experiment], ''Journal of Intelligence''. 2020 Dec; 8(4): 41. Published online 2020 Nov 26. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence8040041</ref>}}

{{Cquote|This paper examined the effects of training in creative problem-solving on intelligence. We revisited Stankov’s report on the outcomes of an experiment carried out by R. Kvashchev in former Yugoslavia that reported an IQ increase of seven points, on average, across 28 tests of intelligence. We argue that previous analyses were based on a conservative analytic approach and failed to take into account the reductions in the IQ test variances at the end of the three-years’ training. When standard deviations of the initial test and 2nd retest were pooled in the calculation of the effect sizes, the experimental group’s performance was 10 IQ points higher on average than that of the control group. Further, with the properly defined measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence, the experimental group showed a 15 IQ points higher increase than the control group. We concluded that prolonged intensive training in creative problem-solving can lead to substantial and positive effects on intelligence during late adolescence (ages 18–19).<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709590/ We Can Boost IQ: Revisiting Kvashchev’s Experiment], ''Journal of Intelligence''. 2020 Dec; 8(4): 41. Published online 2020 Nov 26. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence8040041</ref>}}

== Genius level of intelligence ==

== Genius level of intelligence ==

==Liberal bias==

==Liberal bias==

[[File:Flag of Australia.png|thumbnail|200px|[[Australia]]'s national IQ is 98.<ref name="CountryIQ"/>  

[[File:Flag of Australia.png|thumbnail|200px|[[Australia]]'s national IQ is 98.<ref name="CountryIQ"/>  

The ''Daily Mail'' reported in 2014, "Evidence suggests that the IQs of people in the [[UK]], [[Denmark]] and Australia have declined in the last decade."<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2730791/Are-STUPID-Britons-people-IQ-decline.html Are we becoming more STUPID? IQ scores are decreasing - and some experts argue it's because humans have reached their intellectual peak], ''Daily Mail'', 2014</ref> See: [[Intelligence trends in religious countries and secular countries|Intelligence trends in secular countries]]]]

The ''Daily Mail'' reported in 2014, "Evidence suggests that the IQs of people in the [[UK]], [[Denmark]] and Australia have declined in the last decade."<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2730791/Are-STUPID-Britons-people-IQ-decline.html Are we becoming more STUPID? IQ scores are decreasing - and some experts argue it's because humans have reached their intellectual peak], ''Daily Mail'', 2014</ref> Other studies found the average [[Russian]] has an IQ of 110,<ref>https://brght.org/iq/country/</ref> and the [[United States]] with an average IQ of 97, ranking below [[North Korea]].<ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country</ref>]]

The field of intelligence testing has been acrimonious and contentious. Researchers such as [[Arthur Jensen]] and [[Charles Murray]] have been pilloried in the mass media, accused of maintaining views which different or even opposite of their actual views.<ref>Evolution advocate Gould portrays Murray as saying intelligence can be measured with a single number; Murray, of course, makes it clear in his book (as well as in a follow-up retort to Gould) that intelligence is too complex to be measured with a single number.</ref>

The field of intelligence testing has been acrimonious and contentious. Researchers such as Arthur Jensen and [[Charles Murray]] have been pilloried in the mass media, accused of maintaining views which different or even opposite of their actual views.<ref>Evolution advocate Gould portrays Murray as saying intelligence can be measured with a single number; Murray, of course, makes it clear in his book (as well as in a follow-up retort to Gould) that intelligence is too complex to be measured with a single number.</ref>

One professor had to come to Jensen's defense, after [[Stephen Jay Gould]] attacked him in print:

One professor had to come to Jensen's defense, after [[Stephen Jay Gould]] attacked him in print:

*[[Atheism and intelligence]]

*[[Atheism and intelligence]]

*[[GRE]] (Graduate Record Examinations test)

*[[GRE]] (Graduate Record Examinations test)

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.eugenics.net/papers/mssel.html As the Bell Curves] - [[Charles Murray]] and [[Daniel Seligman]] - (Originally published in The National Review, December 8, 1997)

*[http://www.eugenics.net/papers/mssel.html As the Bell Curves] - [[Charles Murray]] and Daniel Seligman - (Originally published in The National Review, December 8, 1997)

==Notes==

==Notes==