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'''The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy And Its Geostrategic Imperatives''' is a [[geopolitical]] manifesto published in 1997 by former [[National Security Advisor]] to [[President Jimmy Carter]] [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]]. The manifesto was intended to serve as a guide for American geostrategists who seek to keep the post-[[Cold War]] global order [[unipolar]] (in other words, have the US remain the sole [[superpower]] indefinitely). The manifesto is deemed to be highly influential in both [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] and [[Neoconservatism|neoconservative]] circles.

'''The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy And Its Geostrategic Imperatives''' is a [[geopolitical]] manifesto published in 1997 by former [[National Security Advisor]] to [[President Jimmy Carter]] [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]]. The manifesto was intended to serve as a guide for American geostrategists who seek to keep the post-[[Cold War]] global order [[unipolar]] (in other words, have the US remain the sole [[superpower]] indefinitely). The manifesto is deemed to be highly influential in both [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] and [[Neoconservatism|neoconservative]] circles.

The manifesto is most notable for introducing Brzezinski's "Eurasian Balkans" theory, an updated version of the earlier "Eurasian Heartland" theory introduced by British geostrategist Halford Mackinder in his 1904 essay ''The Geographical Pivot of History''.<ref>https://www.iwp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/20131016_MackinderTheGeographicalJournal.pdf</ref> Mackinder's version of this theory in turn played a significant role in the development of the foreign policies of the [[Third Reich]], [[Cold War]]-era [[United States of America|America]], and post-Cold War [[Russia]].<ref>https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2019/01/halford-mackinder-father-geopolitics</ref><ref>https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2000/12/james-burnham-the-first-cold-warrior/</ref><ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/27/geopolitics-russia-mackinder-eurasia-heartland-dugin-ukraine-eurasianism-manifest-destiny-putin/</ref>   

The manifesto is most notable for introducing Brzezinski's "Eurasian Balkans" theory, an updated version of the earlier "Eurasian Heartland" theory introduced by British geostrategist Halford Mackinder in his 1904 essay ''The Geographical Pivot of History''.<ref>https://www.iwp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/20131016_MackinderTheGeographicalJournal.pdf</ref> Mackinder's version of this theory in turn played a significant role in the development of the [[foreign policy|foreign policies]] of the [[Third Reich]], [[Cold War]]-era [[United States of America|America]], and post-Cold War [[Russia]].<ref>https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2019/01/halford-mackinder-father-geopolitics</ref><ref>https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2000/12/james-burnham-the-first-cold-warrior/</ref><ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/27/geopolitics-russia-mackinder-eurasia-heartland-dugin-ukraine-eurasianism-manifest-destiny-putin/</ref>   

The "Eurasian Balkans" theory is elaborated upon primarily in the manifesto's second and fifth chapters. It emphasizes the existence of an "oblong" of instability stretching from northern [[Kazakhstan]] in the north; the [[Horn of Africa]] in the south; western [[East Turkestan (Country)|Xinjiang]] in the east; and the southeastern Balkans in the west.<ref>Brzezinski 53, 124.</ref> At the center of this "oblong" is a  

The "Eurasian Balkans" theory is elaborated upon primarily in the manifesto's second and fifth chapters. It emphasizes the existence of an "oblong" of instability stretching from northern [[Kazakhstan]] in the north; the [[Horn of Africa]] in the south; western [[East Turkestan (Country)|Xinjiang]] in the east; and the southeastern Balkans in the west.<ref>Brzezinski 53, 124.</ref> At the center of this "oblong" is a