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'''Buffalo''' is the second largest of [[New York|New York State]]. Once the nation's 15th largest city, it has declined to the 78th.<ref>https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/buffalo-ny-population-by-year/</ref> In recent years, according to United States census data, its population has increased.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/news/tipsheets/2021/020.html In Buffalo, immigrants and refugees drive population growth, improve quality of life, UB expert says], University at Buffalo</ref>  This is primarily due to the low cost of living and immigration.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/news/tipsheets/2021/020.html In Buffalo, immigrants and refugees drive population growth, improve quality of life, UB expert says], University at Buffalo</ref>  From 2011 to 2019, Buffalo experienced a significant amount of gentrification.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/provost/messages.host.html/content/shared/university/news/news-center-releases/2024/08/zhang-barr-gentrification.detail.html#:~:text=BUFFALO%2C%20N.Y.,a%20University%20at%20Buffalo%20study. Balancing act: UB study links gentrification to reduced crime, but downsides of gentrification can’t be ignored], University of Buffalo</ref><ref>[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189242/ Gentrification and crime in Buffalo, New York], PLoS One. 2024 Jun 20;19(6):e0302832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302832</ref>

'''Buffalo''' is the second largest of [[New York|New York State]]. Once the nation's 15th largest city, it has declined to the 78th.<ref>https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/buffalo-ny-population-by-year/</ref> In recent years, according to United States census data, its population has increased by 17,000 people from 2010 to 2020 to a population of approximately 280,000 people.<ref>[Buffalo and Erie County see population growth in 2020 Census]</ref> In Buffalo, immigrants and refugees drive population growth, improve quality of life, UB expert says], University at Buffalo</ref>  This is primarily due to the low cost of living and immigration.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/news/tipsheets/2021/020.html In Buffalo, immigrants and refugees drive population growth, improve quality of life, UB expert says], University at Buffalo</ref>  From 2011 to 2019, Buffalo experienced a significant amount of gentrification.<ref>[https://www.buffalo.edu/provost/messages.host.html/content/shared/university/news/news-center-releases/2024/08/zhang-barr-gentrification.detail.html#:~:text=BUFFALO%2C%20N.Y.,a%20University%20at%20Buffalo%20study. Balancing act: UB study links gentrification to reduced crime, but downsides of gentrification can’t be ignored], University of Buffalo</ref><ref>[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189242/ Gentrification and crime in Buffalo, New York], PLoS One. 2024 Jun 20;19(6):e0302832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302832</ref>

Due to its working-class roots and Catholic/conservative Protestant populations, the [[socialism|socialist]] India Walton was beaten in a mayoral race by the incumbent Byron Brown. In 2021, the ''New York Post'' reported about one of the mayoral debates: "Fighting to remain Buffalo mayor — incumbent, write-in candidate Byron Brown slammed his opponent, India Walton, as a Democratic socialist and “apologist” for criminals, whose ideas are 'bad at best'."<ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/10/27/byron-brown-slams-socialist-buffalo-mayor-candidate-calls-her-criminal-apologist/ Buffalo debate: Byron Brown slams socialist candidate India Walton, calls her criminal ‘apologist’], New York Post, 2021</ref>

Due to its working-class roots and Catholic/conservative Protestant populations, the [[socialism|socialist]] India Walton was beaten in a mayoral race by the incumbent Byron Brown. In 2021, the ''New York Post'' reported about one of the mayoral debates: "Fighting to remain Buffalo mayor — incumbent, write-in candidate Byron Brown slammed his opponent, India Walton, as a Democratic socialist and “apologist” for criminals, whose ideas are 'bad at best'."<ref>[https://nypost.com/2021/10/27/byron-brown-slams-socialist-buffalo-mayor-candidate-calls-her-criminal-apologist/ Buffalo debate: Byron Brown slams socialist candidate India Walton, calls her criminal ‘apologist’], New York Post, 2021</ref>