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Romans 9 through 11 deals with  [[predestination]], the basis for which is the cause of disagreement between [[Arminianism]] and [[Calvinism]].

Romans 9 through 11 deals with  [[predestination]], the basis for which is the cause of disagreement between [[Arminianism]] and [[Calvinism]].

Chapter 11 sees disagreement over the status of Israel by believers, with [[preterism]] and covenant theology holding that the church has taken the place of [[Israel]], while [[Revelation, Book of (historical exegesis)#Futurism|futurism]] and dispensational theology (see [[eschatology]]) holding that the in the plan of God "Israel after the flesh" will yet turn to the Lord, and believe on the Lord [[Jesus Christ]] for [[salvation]].<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/israel-chosenorforgotten.html ISRAEL: CHOSEN OR FORGOTTEN?]</ref>

Chapter 11 sees disagreement over the status of Israel by believers, with [[preterism]] and covenant theology holding that the church has taken the place of [[Israel]], while [[Revelation, Book of (historical exegesis)#Futurism|futurism]] and dispensational theology (see [[eschatology]]) holding that the in the plan of God "Israel after the flesh" will yet turn to the Lord, and believe on the Lord [[Jesus Christ]] for salvation.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/israel-chosenorforgotten.html ISRAEL: CHOSEN OR FORGOTTEN?]</ref>

Another notable issue is the lack of any mention of Peter in the epistle, even among the many friends Paul greets in chapter 16, an absence many [[Protestants]] see as conspicuous,<ref>Barnes, ibid.</ref> as the [[Roman Catholic church]] holds Peter to have been the head of the church there, and first [[pope]].   

Another notable issue is the lack of any mention of Peter in the epistle, even among the many friends Paul greets in chapter 16, an absence many [[Protestants]] see as conspicuous,<ref>Barnes, ibid.</ref> as the [[Roman Catholic church]] holds Peter to have been the head of the church there, and first [[pope]].