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→Atrocities, jihad, genocide, already publicized in the 1990s
However, by mid-2001, prospects for peace in Sudan appeared fairly remote. A few days before the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, the Bush Administration named former Senator John Danforth as its Presidential Envoy for Peace in the Sudan. His role was to explore the prospects that the U.S. could play a useful role in the search for a just end to the civil war, and enhance the delivery of humanitarian aid to reduce the suffering of the Sudanese people stemming from the effects of civil war. The terrorist attacks of September 11 dramatically impacted the bilateral relationship between the United States and the Khartoum government. (For "U.S.-Sudanese Relations," see below.)
However, by mid-2001, prospects for peace in Sudan appeared fairly remote. A few days before the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, the Bush Administration named former Senator John Danforth as its Presidential Envoy for Peace in the Sudan. His role was to explore the prospects that the U.S. could play a useful role in the search for a just end to the civil war, and enhance the delivery of humanitarian aid to reduce the suffering of the Sudanese people stemming from the effects of civil war. The terrorist attacks of September 11 dramatically impacted the bilateral relationship between the United States and the Khartoum government. (For "U.S.-Sudanese Relations," see below.)
====Atrocities, jihad, genocide, already publicized in the 1990s====
From activism by [[Elijah Malok Aleng]]<ref> [https://books.google.com/books?id=iAkVAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Sudan%22%20%221955-1972%22%201.5%20million Proceedings: Workshop on Human Rights in the Sudan : November 16-19, 1992, Cairo]</ref>:<blockquote><small>
In the next session, presenters focused on abuses committed in connection with the prosecution of the war in the South.
Elijah Malok Aleng contributed a paper entitled 'Destitution and Displacement in The Sudan.' In it, he described the tragedy of civil war and its political underpinnings. During the first civil war of 1955–1972, between 750,000 and 1.5 million Sudanese nationals, of whom a high proportion were civilians, lost their lives.
In 1983 the civil war resumed, and with it, massive violations of civilians' human rights.
Aleng joined a number of human rights groups in asserting that since 1983 these violations have included extrajudicial executions, torture, starvation, the rape and / or enslavement of women and children, the pillaging and destruction of agricultural crops, the use of the civilian population as a human shield during military operations; and the persecution of Christians.
Shari'a or Islamic law was harshly applied to chop off the hands of 90 citizens charged with petty theft who were mostly from the neglected and marginalized regions of South and Western Sudan.</small></blockquote>
====End to the Civil War====
====End to the Civil War====
On November 19, 2004, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A signed a declaration committing themselves to conclude a final comprehensive peace agreement by December 31, 2004, in the context of an extraordinary session of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in Nairobi, Kenya—only the fifth time the Council has met outside of New York since its founding. At this session, the UNSC unanimously adopted Resolution 1574, which welcomed the commitment of the government and the SPLM/A to achieve agreement by the end of 2004, and underscored the international community's intention to assist the Sudanese people and support implementation of the comprehensive peace agreement. It also demanded that the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) halt all violence in Darfur.
On November 19, 2004, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A signed a declaration committing themselves to conclude a final comprehensive peace agreement by December 31, 2004, in the context of an extraordinary session of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in Nairobi, Kenya—only the fifth time the Council has met outside of New York since its founding. At this session, the UNSC unanimously adopted Resolution 1574, which welcomed the commitment of the government and the SPLM/A to achieve agreement by the end of 2004, and underscored the international community's intention to assist the Sudanese people and support implementation of the comprehensive peace agreement. It also demanded that the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) halt all violence in Darfur.
In keeping with their commitment to the UNSC, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A initialed the final elements of the comprehensive agreement on December 31, 2004. The two parties formally signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on January 9, 2005. The U.S. and the international community have welcomed this decisive step forward for peace in Sudan.
In keeping with their commitment to the UNSC, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A initialed the final elements of the comprehensive agreement on December 31, 2004. The two parties formally signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on January 9, 2005. The U.S. and the international community have welcomed this decisive step forward for peace in Sudan.
====Comprehensive Peace Agreement====
====Comprehensive Peace Agreement====