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[[File:100 m final Berlin 2009.jpeg|300px|thumbnail|right|[[Usain Bolt]] avoids thinking about his weaknesses before a race. Sometimes he thinks about how he will celebrate if he wins.<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/07/how-the-worlds-fastest-man-usain-bolt-mentally-prepares-for-a-race.html How the world’s fastest man Usain Bolt mentally prepares for a race] CNBC</ref> See: [[Self-talk]]

[[File:100 m final Berlin 2009.jpeg|350px|thumbnail|right|[[Usain Bolt]] avoids thinking about his weaknesses before a race. Sometimes he thinks about how he will celebrate if he wins.<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/07/how-the-worlds-fastest-man-usain-bolt-mentally-prepares-for-a-race.html How the world’s fastest man Usain Bolt mentally prepares for a race] CNBC</ref> See: [[Self-talk]]

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Usain Bolt beating Tyson Gay and setting a 100 meter world record at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin, Germany.]]

Usain Bolt beating Tyson Gay and setting a 100 meter world record at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin, Germany.]]

'''Motivation''' or '''motive''' (from Medieval Latin ''motivus'', from ''motus'', past participle of ''movere'' "move") is the conscious or unconscious drive or need that incites a person to some action, inaction or behavior, providing incentive; often a [[Goal setting|goal]] or [[purpose]]. To ''motivate'' oneself or others, is to provide a motive for action or inaction.<ref>Derived from ''The Reader's Digest Great Encyclopedic Dictionary'' including Funk & Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary, 1966, The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 884b-885a "motive".</ref> Both [[fear]] and [[devotion]] are powerful motivations. [[Sloth (sin)|Sloth]] can also be a powerful motivation for avoiding [[responsibility]] and the possible pain or consequences of making any particular or general [[effort]] either for or against someone or something. Compare [[indifference]].

'''Motivation''' or '''motive''' (from Medieval Latin ''motivus'', from ''motus'', past participle of ''movere'' "move") is the conscious or unconscious drive or need that incites a person to some action, inaction or behavior, providing incentive; often a [[Goal setting|goal]] or [[purpose]]. To ''motivate'' oneself or others, is to provide a motive for action or inaction.<ref>Derived from ''The Reader's Digest Great Encyclopedic Dictionary'' including Funk & Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary, 1966, The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 884b-885a "motive".</ref> Both [[fear]] and [[devotion]] are powerful motivations.

"One of the theories that gives great insight on the first question - how to be sure we find happiness in our careers - is from Frederick Herzberg, who asserts that the powerful motivator in our lives isn’t money; it’s the opportunity to learn, grow in [[responsibility|responsibilities]], contribute to others, and be recognized for [[achievement]]s." <ref>[http://hbr.org/2010/07/how-will-you-measure-your-life/ar/2 How will you measure your life?]</ref>

"One of the theories that gives great insight on the first question - how to be sure we find happiness in our careers - is from Frederick Herzberg, who asserts that the powerful motivator in our lives isn’t money; it’s the opportunity to learn, grow in [[responsibility|responsibilities]], contribute to others, and be recognized for [[achievement]]s." <ref>[http://hbr.org/2010/07/how-will-you-measure-your-life/ar/2 How will you measure your life?]</ref>

{{science and motivation}} See [[Hypothesis]].

See also: [[Self-motivation]]

== What motivation is ==

== What motivation is ==

A sense of [[purpose]], external positive reinforcement, opportunities for growth, and a supportive environment can also increase motivation.  

A sense of [[purpose]], external positive reinforcement, opportunities for growth, and a supportive environment can also increase motivation.  

=== Goals and motivation ===

=== Goals and motivation ===

*[https://learningcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/motivation/ Motivation], University of South Carolina at Chapel Hill

*[https://learningcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/motivation/ Motivation], University of South Carolina at Chapel Hill

*[https://archive.is/0E2Wu#selection-305.5-305.55 How to Develop Self-Discipline and Find Motivation], Wall Street Journal

*[https://archive.is/0E2Wu#selection-305.5-305.55 How to Develop Self-Discipline and Find Motivation], Wall Street Journal

*[https://archive.is/v8VEj#selection-4519.0-4519.30 To Meet Big Goals, Think Small]

*[https://archive.is/v8VEj#selection-4519.0-4519.30 To Meet Big Goals, Think Small]

*[https://www.calm.com/blog/how-to-get-motivated How to get motivated: 10 tips to inspire and encourage yourself]

*[https://www.calm.com/blog/how-to-get-motivated How to get motivated: 10 tips to inspire and encourage yourself]

*[https://www.betterup.com/blog/how-to-get-motivated 19 ways to get motivated] by Elizabeth Perry, ACC

*[https://www.betterup.com/blog/how-to-get-motivated 19 ways to get motivated] by Elizabeth Perry, ACC

*[https://www.betterup.com/blog/how-to-stay-motivated#:~:text=Eliminate%20distractions:%20Identify%20and%20minimize%20distractions%20to,or%20podcasts%20to%20keep%20your%20inspiration%20levels 41 tips to stay motivated even when it gets tough]

*[https://www.betterup.com/blog/how-to-stay-motivated#:~:text=Eliminate%20distractions:%20Identify%20and%20minimize%20distractions%20to,or%20podcasts%20to%20keep%20your%20inspiration%20levels 41 tips to stay motivated even when it gets tough]

Work motivation:  

Work motivation:  

*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbjmSS6LZDGov6Am3NJWXky7e6MMcA0n0 How to get motivated and stay motivated - video playlist], video playlist

*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbjmSS6LZDGov6Am3NJWXky7e6MMcA0n0 How to get motivated and stay motivated - video playlist], video playlist

== Increasing motivation ==

== Additional principles of increasing motivation ==

[[File:CIF San Diego Championship 2007.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|"Do you not know that those who run in a race all run, but only one receives the prize? Run in such a way that you may win." - The [[Saint Paul|Apostle Paul]], 1 Corinthians 9:24]]

[[File:CIF San Diego Championship 2007.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|"Do you not know that those who run in a race all run, but only one receives the prize? Run in such a way that you may win." - The [[Saint Paul|Apostle Paul]], 1 Corinthians 9:24]]

''See also:'' [[Action orientation]] and [[Goal setting]] and [[Performance goal]] and [[Results orientation]] and [[Social influence]] and [[Social intelligence]] and [[Social networking]] and [[Positive thinking]] and [[Optimism]]

''See also:'' [[Goal setting]] and [[Performance goal]] and [[Action orientation]] and [[Results orientation]] and [[Social influence]] and [[Social intelligence]] and [[Social networking]] and [[Positive thinking]] and [[Optimism]]

One can increase further their self-motivation by further developing passions/interests and important achievements; being more action-oriented (which gives more positive feedback in terms of intrinsic/extrinsic rewards); increasing performance via [[peak performance]] principles [[creativity]], and [[creative problem solving]] which may enable one to create better rewards in terms of intrinsic/extrinsic rewards, improving one's goals and [[social intelligence|surrounding yourself with positive people]]."<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=How+you+increase+your+self-motivation&oq=How+you+increase+your+self-motivation&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhA0gEIOTc0MmowajGoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 How do you increase your self-motivation?]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gzVhnT3pB4&list=PLbjmSS6LZDGov6Am3NJWXky7e6MMcA0n0 How to Get Motivated and Stay Motivated], video</ref>  

One can increase further their self-motivation by further developing passions/interests and important achievements; being more [[Action orientation|action oriented]] (which gives more positive feedback in terms of intrinsic/extrinsic rewards); increasing performance via [[peak performance]] principles [[creativity]], and [[creative problem solving]] which may enable one to create better rewards in terms of intrinsic/extrinsic rewards, improving one's goals and [[social intelligence|surrounding yourself with positive people]]."<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=How+you+increase+your+self-motivation&oq=How+you+increase+your+self-motivation&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhA0gEIOTc0MmowajGoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 How do you increase your self-motivation?]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gzVhnT3pB4&list=PLbjmSS6LZDGov6Am3NJWXky7e6MMcA0n0 How to Get Motivated and Stay Motivated], video</ref>  

Below are articles on increasing [[self-motivation]]:

Below are articles/resources on increasing [[self-motivation]]:

*[https://www.coursera.org/articles/how-to-motivate-yourself How to Motivate Yourself: 11 Tips for Self Improvement], Coursera

*[https://www.coursera.org/articles/how-to-motivate-yourself How to Motivate Yourself: 11 Tips for Self Improvement], Coursera

*[https://www.mindtools.com/awk1tdw/motivating-yourself Motivate yourself], Mindtools.com

*[https://www.mindtools.com/awk1tdw/motivating-yourself Motivate yourself], Mindtools.com

*[https://open.buffer.com/increase-your-motivation-tips/ 5 science-backed ways to increase your motivation]

*[https://open.buffer.com/increase-your-motivation-tips/ 5 science-backed ways to increase your motivation]

*[https://www.forbes.com/sites/jennifercohen/2013/11/06/motivation-is-a-muscle-the-7-best-ways-to-substantially-increase-your-productivity/ Motivation Is A Muscle: The 7 Best Ways To Substantially Increase Your Productivity], ''Forbes''

*[https://www.forbes.com/sites/jennifercohen/2013/11/06/motivation-is-a-muscle-the-7-best-ways-to-substantially-increase-your-productivity/ Motivation Is A Muscle: The 7 Best Ways To Substantially Increase Your Productivity], ''Forbes''

Videos:

Videos:

*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbjmSS6LZDGqluN8xzuODX6Id9WE4Z9Cy Staying motivated and increasing motivation video] - playlist

*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbjmSS6LZDGqluN8xzuODX6Id9WE4Z9Cy Staying motivated and increasing motivation video] - playlist

== Major schools of motivational models and explanations for peoples' behaviors ==

== Major schools of motivational models and explanations for peoples' behaviors ==

Study.com indicates: "David McClelland, a 20th-century psychologist, theorized that humans are motivated by three possible needs: achievement, power, and affiliation. These 3 needs are based on one's life experiences and acquired over time. McClelland's theory of human motivation became known as McClelland's acquired needs theory. McClelland believed that these needs were acquired over time based on life experiences."<ref>[https://study.com/academy/lesson/acquired-needs-theory-need-for-acheivement-power-affiliation.html#:~:text=David%20McClelland%2C%20a%2020th%2Dcentury,as%20McClelland's%20acquired%20needs%20theory. Acquired Needs Theory | Need for Achievement, Power & Affiliation]</ref>

Study.com indicates: "David McClelland, a 20th-century psychologist, theorized that humans are motivated by three possible needs: achievement, power, and affiliation. These 3 needs are based on one's life experiences and acquired over time. McClelland's theory of human motivation became known as McClelland's acquired needs theory. McClelland believed that these needs were acquired over time based on life experiences."<ref>[https://study.com/academy/lesson/acquired-needs-theory-need-for-acheivement-power-affiliation.html#:~:text=David%20McClelland%2C%20a%2020th%2Dcentury,as%20McClelland's%20acquired%20needs%20theory. Acquired Needs Theory | Need for Achievement, Power & Affiliation]</ref>

== Religious people, motivation and dopamine levels in the brain==

== Religious people, motivation and dopamine levels in the brain==

* [http://webapps2.ucalgary.ca/~steel/images/Integrating.pdf Integrating Theories of Motivation, Academy of Management Review 2006, Vol. 31, No. 4, 889–913]

* [http://webapps2.ucalgary.ca/~steel/images/Integrating.pdf Integrating Theories of Motivation, Academy of Management Review 2006, Vol. 31, No. 4, 889–913]

== Books on self-motivation ==

== Books on self-motivation ==